A clinical long‐term radiographic evaluation of graft height changes after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with a 2 : 1 autogenous bone/xenograft mixture and simultaneous placement of dental implants

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess long-term changes in sinus-graft height after maxillary sinus floor augmentation and simultaneous placement of implants. A total of 191 patients who underwent maxillary sinus floor augmentation were radiographically followed for up to about 10 years. A 2 : 1 mixture of autogenous bone and bovine xenograft (Bio-Oss) was used as the graft material. Sinus-graft height was measured using 294 panoramic images immediately after augmentation and up to 108 months subsequently. Changes in sinus-graft height were calculated with respect to implant length and original sinus height. Patients were divided into three groups based on the height of the grafted sinus floor relative to the implant apex: Group I, in which the grafted sinus floor was above the implant apex; Group II, in which the implant apex was level with the grafted sinus floor; and Group III, in which the grafted sinus floor was below the implant apex. After augmentation, the grafted sinus floor was consistently located above the implant apex. After 2-3 years, the grafted sinus floor was level with or slightly below the implant apex. This relationship was maintained over the long term. Sinus-graft height decreased significantly and approached original sinus height. The proportion of patients classified as belonging to Group III reached a maximum from year 3 onwards. The clinical survival rate of implants was 94.2%. All implant losses occurred within 3 years after augmentation. We conclude that progressive sinus pneumatization occurs after augmentation with a 2 : 1 autogenous bone/xenograft mixture, and long-term stability of sinus-graft height represents an important factor for implant success.

Radiopacity of Dental Materials: An Overview

“…The radiopacity of graft materials is also a valuable tool for evaluating the localization of the graft and its resorption degree in periodic radiographies (4,(51)(52)(53)(54). The radiopacity of a sufficient degree of bone grafts also facilitates the assessment of the success of sinus-lifting procedures.…”

Horizontal and Vertical Reconstruction of the Severely Resorbed Maxillary Jaw Using Subantral Augmentation and a Novel Tenting Technique with Bone from the Lateral Buccal Wall

“…The patients provided written informed consent prior to surgery. Ten patients (five males and five females, mean age: 50 y/o), affected with class V or VI maxillary atrophy [4] with less than 3 mm of residual horizontal ridge [15] formed the study group.…”

“…Once the sinus has been accessed, the Schneiderian membrane is carefully elevated away from the sinus floor. Bone graft material is then placed between the local host bone and the elevated membrane to enable simultaneous or delayed placement of dental implants [1,4]. The long-term success rate of dental implants increases when bone graft materials are replaced or surrounded by newly formed bone, which grows from the patient's existing bone into the augmented area [5].…”

Retrospective Study of Bone Resorption after Maxillary Sinus Bone Graft

“…Note, how ever, that maxillary sinus bone graft using autogenous bone was found to lead to considerable bone resorption over time. In particular, Hatano et al 4) cited the possibility of pneumatization for the first 2~3 years after bone grafting. In their study using computed tomography (CT), Johansson et al 5) stated that maxillary sinus bone graft using autogenous bone harvested from iliac bone led to the resorption of 49.5% of graft material 6 or 7 months after the surgery.…”

“…Later, many clinical and histolo gical studies on maxillary sinus bone graft material have been reported. In particular, Hatano et al 4) recommended the com bined use of allogenous bone and synthetic bone and autogenous bone. Jensen et al 9) noted that residual alveolar bone height had the most influence on the survival rate of the implant placed after maxillary sinus elevation, and that, if the height was 7 mm or less, bone graft must be done for implant placement.…”