A closer look at the rural-urban health disparities: Insights from four major diseases in the Commonwealth of Virginia

Regional variation in cardiovascular mortality in Australia 2009–2012: the impact of remoteness and socioeconomic status

“…In 2010, 69% of the total Australian population resided in major cities, 29% lived in inner or outer regional areas, and 2% in areas classified as remote and very remote 2 . There are regional differences in cause‐specific mortality, 3–6 with populations resident outside of major cities experiencing higher mortality and morbidity from all major chronic diseases, 2 a finding replicated in other high‐income countries 7,8 …”

Social Determinants of Health and the Effects on Quality of Life and Well-being in 2 Rural Appalachia Communities

“…7 In further exploring geographic location and its role in elucidating and potentially exacerbating common social determinants of health, in recent years, it has been shown that there are vast differences in health outcomes and access to health resources when comparing urban and rural settings. [20][21][22] A 2015 study found that the most significant health challenges facing rural America includes access to health care, nutrition and weight status, diabetes, mental health/disorders, substance abuse, cardiovascular disease, physical inactivity, and older adult health. 23 This is especially relevant and concerning due to the fact that 75% of the US counties, or more than 90% of the landmass, have been deemed rural.…”

Commuting and Sickness Absence

“…There are a number of reasons why the relationship between commuting and absence may vary with such spatial characteristics (Eibich and Ziebarth, 2014). First, employees living in rural regions may be healthier, have a higher quality of life compared to individuals living in urban regions (Ziersch et al, 2009;Zeng et al, 2015) and may commute longer distances. Second, in small, rural communities the observability of the behaviour of others is likely to be more pronounced than in urban communities characterised by greater anonymity.…”