A CMOS Receiver–TDC Chip Set for Accurate Pulsed TOF Laser Ranging

Kurtti, Sami; Jansson, Jussi-Pekka; Kostamovaara, J.

doi:10.1109/tim.2019.2918372

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…16 shows vertical dimensions h as a function of the distance d calculated as described in (7). Note that the manufacturer makes no distinction between the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the spot (see (8)), thus it is not possible to compare the obtained results with the nominal ones. As expected from geometrical optics, w OLS , and h OLS linearly vary as a function of the distance.…”

Section: Spots Time Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dimensions of w OLS (△), h OLS (▷), 2σe−y (◁) and, δx (▽) as a function of the distance d. The linear relation between the standard deviations of the elementary spot σe−y and, the distance propagated suggests far-filed condition. Horizontal dimensions w both with (◻) and without (◯) using HDDM+ mode as a function of the distance d. Continuous lines represent the fitting of experimental data (◻ and ◯), whereas the dashed lines represent the values declared by the manufacturer[31] and reported in(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optical Characterization of the Beams Generated by 3-D LiDARs: Proposed Procedure and Preliminary Results on MRS1000

Cattini

Cecilia

Ferrari

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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In last years automotive is pushing to the continuous development of more performing and less expensive measuring systems for supporting ADAS. In that scenario, LiDARs are one of the key enabling technologies. This has led and will lead to the availability of more and more LiDAR systems and manufacturers. Given the relevance of the topic, in recent years many studies and some national and international standards have been proposed or updated. However, such methods and standards are more focused on the analysis of the overall system performance and do not allow to investigate specific aspects of LiDAR systems. As an example, despite the relevance that spot size and divergence have on the evaluation of the performance of the LiDAR system, such parameters are not always, if ever, fully provided by LiDARs manufacturers and, to the best of our knowledge, no standard or measurement method has been previously proposed for their analysis. In this paper, we propose novel methods for the characterization and comparison of LiDAR systems with particular focus on the analysis of the spatiotemporal arrangement of beams spots and, beams divergences and profiles. The proposed method has been exploited for the analysis of the MRS1000 LiDAR system by Sick. The obtained results indicated that the MRS1000 simultaneously emits 3 spots triangularly arranged. As an example, at 6 m distance, such a triangle has a height of about ≈ 4 cm and a base that varies from ≈ 6 cm to ≈ 11 cm depending on the LiDAR settings.

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Section: Spots Time Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Characterization of the Beams Generated by 3-D LiDARs: Proposed Procedure and Preliminary Results on MRS1000

Cattini

Cecilia

Ferrari

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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show abstract

“…< 50ps), but they need relatively complicated calibration methods in collaboration with a multi-channel TDC. A recent implementation example of this technique was presented in [20], [21]. Another approach is to employ electronic gain control, either within the input stage or as a separate block [1], [25], [27], [30], [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Wide Dynamic Range Laser Radar Receiver Based on Input Pulse-Shaping Techniques

Baharmast

Kurtti

Kostamovaara

2020

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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This paper presents a Time-of-Flight laser radar receiver based on pulse-shaping at the input to the receiver channel, in which the first zero-crossing point of the converted pulse is marked as the timing moment. In this technique, an LC resonator is combined with a nonlinear feedback TIA to achieve high accuracy and high precision within a wide dynamic range. The key advantage is that the receiver does not require any post compensation or gain control techniques so that the total complexity of the TOF radar is reduced considerably. Measurements made in a 0.35µm standard CMOS process show a bandwidth of 230M H z and an input-referred noise of 70n A RMS. The receiver chip consumes 155mW power from a 3.3V supply. The single-shot precision and accuracy of the receiver within a dynamic range of 1 : 50, 000 are ∼ 15mm(SN R = 12) and ∼ ±15mm respectively. A wider dynamic range can be achieved with a larger accuracy tolerance. The functionality of the proposed receiver channel is also verified over an input pulse variation and temperature range of 0 o C to 50 o C.

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“…14 One successful approach for covering a wide DR (e.g., more than 1:10,000) while keeping the walk error at a low level (e.g., 50 ps) is to use time-domain compensation techniques, in which various input pulse characteristics such as rise time, width and/or slew rate, RMS value, and/or peak amplitude are fetched and applied to compensate for the walk error. [34][35][36] These techniques, although effective as such, need calibration, however, which increases the complexity of the laser radar and/or compromises its speed. Another approach for achieving accurate timing is based on unipolar-to-bipolar pulse shaping at the input to the receiver channel, where the unipolar current pulse from the APD is converted to a bipolar signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-speed wide dynamic range linear mode time-of-flight receiver based on zero-crossing timing detection

Baharmast

Kostamovaara

2020

Opt. Eng.

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We present an accurate laser radar receiver with a wide dynamic range intended for ranging applications based on an event-based approach, in which a receiver-time-to-digital converter is used to extract the timing information from the reflected echo. The receiver is based on LC resonance pulse shaping at the input so that the unipolar pulse detected by the avalanche photodiode is converted to a bipolar signal, and the first zero-crossing of this converted signal is marked as the only timing point. One important aspect of the proposed scheme is that it does not need any postcompensation or gain control for achieving a wide dynamic range. The receiver chip was fabricated in a 0.35-μm standard CMOS technology, and a laser radar platform was developed to verify the functionality of the proposed receiver channel. The measured accuracy of the receiver is AE3.5 cm within a dynamic range of more than 1:250,000 using 3-ns FWHM pulses when target materials with different reflectivities are used in the measurements. The single-shot precision of the receiver (σ value) is ∼5 cm for a minimum SNR of ∼10. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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A CMOS Receiver–TDC Chip Set for Accurate Pulsed TOF Laser Ranging

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Optical Characterization of the Beams Generated by 3-D LiDARs: Proposed Procedure and Preliminary Results on MRS1000

Optical Characterization of the Beams Generated by 3-D LiDARs: Proposed Procedure and Preliminary Results on MRS1000

A Wide Dynamic Range Laser Radar Receiver Based on Input Pulse-Shaping Techniques

High-speed wide dynamic range linear mode time-of-flight receiver based on zero-crossing timing detection

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