A cognitive and behavioral approach to the treatment of social inhibition.

Ludwig, Lawrence D.; Lazarus, Arnold A.

doi:10.1037/h0086749

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A number of covert cognitive patterns have also been postulated to inhibit adaptive assertive responding. Ludwig and Lazarus (1972) described cognitive sets of self-criticism and perfectionism, unrealistic approval needs, unrealistic labeling of aggression and assertion, and criticism of others as most common. Some failures of assertiveness training appear to be related to the failure to deal with these attitude and belief inferences (e.g., Goldstein, Serber, & Piaget, 1970;Loo, 1971).…”

Section: Components Of Assertive Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research Issues in Assertiveness Training.

Rich

Schrøeder

1976

Psychological Bulletin

212

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An evaluative review of research into assertiveness and assertiveness training is presented to highlight methodological problems that have hampered research. The inadequacies of current definitions of assertiveness are reviewed and a new definition is offered. Components of assertive behavior and of assertiveness training are identified. An assessment of the measurement tools for assertiveness is provided.

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Section: Components Of Assertive Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some therapists (Ellis, 1962;Lazarus, 1971;Ludwig & Lazarus, 1972) employ rational-emotive procedures as part of assertiveness training. Clients are made aware of covert verbalizations and derivative cognitive sets (e.g., unrealistic approval needs) that are maintaining nonassertive behavior.…”

Section: Cognitive Restructuring Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Issues in Assertiveness Training.

Rich

Schrøeder

1976

Psychological Bulletin

212

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“…Socially inhibited individuals are particularly concerned with others' evaluations of themselves [1]. They want to gain the approval of others but, at the same time, also fear negative reactions [54]. This fear involves apprehension about others' evaluations and the expectation that others would evaluate oneself negatively [1].…”

Section: Cognitive Characteristics: Sensitivity To Social Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low sociability also refers to this preference for being alone, but not to the vulnerability to social stress of inhibited individuals. Socially inhibited adults may be highly critical of others much like they are to themselves [54], and are often characterized by anger rumination and higher levels of suppressed hostility [86,87].…”

Section: Biological and Psychological Correlates Of Social Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social inhibition in population-based and cardiac patient samples: Robustness of inhibition, sensitivity and withdrawal as distinct facets

Duijndam¹,

Denollet

2019

General Hospital Psychiatry

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Objective: Behavioral inhibition plays a key role in animal stress research and developmental research in children. Therefore, we examined the robustness of our multifaceted model of adult social inhibition that comprises behavioral inhibition, interpersonal sensitivity, and social withdrawal components. Method: A total of 899 adults completed the 15-item Social Inhibition Questionnaire (SIQ15) and measures of emotional distress. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), reliability estimates, and correlational and second-order factor analyses were used to examine the robustness of our model. Results: CFA (RMSEA=.052; NFI=0.938; CFI=0.957) and Cronbach's α estimates ≥.87 confirmed the robustness of our multi-facet social inhibition model based on three correlated inhibition, sensitivity, and withdrawal factors in 560 adults from the general population and in 194 undergraduate students. Inhibition, sensitivity, and withdrawal were stable over time (3-month test-retest correlations ≥.78), and were closely related to the Gest Behavioral Inhibition and PID-5 Withdrawal measures in a clinical sample of 145 cardiac patients. Of note, male cardiac patients reported more inhibition and withdrawal than female patients. Across samples, social inhibition was distinctly different from negative affectivity. Conclusions: Our 3-facet model of inhibition, sensitivity and withdrawal was robust across samples, and may promote research on adult social inhibition in population-based and clinical studies.

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“…Graduated situations are re-peatedly practiced, at times with therapist modeling and feedback, until the client appropriately asserts himself with little or no anxiety. Verbal, nonverbal (Serber, 1972) and/or cognitive components (Ludwig & Lazarus, 1972) of the client's behavior may be modified during training.…”

Section: The Practice Of Assertion Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assertion: A critical review.

Galassi¹,

Galassi²

1978

Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice

100

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The article reviews the definition, assessment procedures, theoretical formulations, and the empirical studies on assertive behavior and assertion training. Issues discussed related to the definition of assertion include the nature of assertive behavior, differentiating assertion from aggression, and delimiting the bounds of assertion. Paper-andpencil, behavioral, and in vivo measures of assertion are presented along with the pertinent problems of the measurement of assertive behavior. Of the existing 13 paper-and-pencil measures of assertion, the six measures which have adequate reliability and some validational support are reviewed. Present theoretical formulations of assertive behavior/training are considered and suggestions for expansion of the theoretical base are made. The current status of assertion training packages and components of those packages are examined. Finally, the issues of generalizability and durability of the results as well as the role of the organismic variables are discussed.Assertion training (Wolpe, 1958) is considered one of the fundamental therapeutic interventions of the behavior therapist. Within the past five years, the field of behavior therapy has witnessed a rapid expansion of both clinical and research interest in this technique.This article critically reviews the theoretical and empirical studies of assertive behavior and assertion training. Included is a discussion of the definitional and assessment issues relevant to assertive behavior, a consideration of the theoretical underpinnings of training, and an evaluation and integration of the training research.

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A cognitive and behavioral approach to the treatment of social inhibition.

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Research Issues in Assertiveness Training.

Research Issues in Assertiveness Training.

Social inhibition in population-based and cardiac patient samples: Robustness of inhibition, sensitivity and withdrawal as distinct facets

Assertion: A critical review.

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