It has been argued that adaptation to a series of angles with vertices pointing up and illuminated in one color, and to angles with vertices pointing down and illuminated in the opponent color, results in color aftereffects that are contingent on angle direction. In the present paper, using a number of test figures, we demonstrate that adaptation to these ascending/descending angles results in color aftereffects that can be accounted for in terms of spatially localized, orientation-color pairings. In the light of our results, we suggest that previous inferences concerning angle-contingent color aftereffects should be reconsidered.Contingent aftereffects, originally reported by McCollough (1965), are of theoretical interest, not only because of their remarkable persistence over time, but also as a possible methodology for exploring feature-detector models of human visual perception. McCollough (1965) described an orientationcontingent color aftereffect. During a 3-min adaptation period, her subjects inspected two figures that alternated every few seconds. Under one condition, one adaptation figure consisted of black vertical bars illuminated by orange light and the other consisted of black horizontal bars illuminated by blue light. During the test phase, the subjects viewed an achromatic figure, half of which consisted of black vertical bars on a white background and the other half, of black horizontal bars on a white background. The subjects reported colored aftereffects which were contingent on line orientation. For the above condition, the white background of the vertical bars appeared bluish and the white background of the horizontal bars appeared orangish. This orientationcontingent color aftereffect was interpreted by McCollough (1965) as psychophysical evidence for neural units that are both color-and orientationspecific. She argued that the aftereffect could be understood in terms of color adaptation of orientationspecific edge detectors.Since the original report by McCollough (1965), color aftereffects contingent on movement direction (e.g