A Colorimetric Assay for Quantification of Defective Interfering Particles of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Treuhaft, Mary W.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-64-6-1301

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This corresponds to the report of Watanabe et al [29] that a high percentage of rabbit alveolar macrophages contained virus antigen when exposed to high amounts but not to low amounts of parainfluenza virus type 1, without evidence of replication of the virus in these cells. Whether the noninfectious BRSV antigen in the Odijk strain represents defective interfering particles [23] is not clear. Third, when the inoculum of strain Odijk was not removed, and increase in the number of antigen containing BAMs was observed during the incubation period while, at the same MOI, no increase in titre of infectious virus was shown (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates minimally in bovine alveolar macrophages

Schrijver¹,

Kramps²,

Middel³

et al. 1995

Archives of Virology

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The interaction between two different bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) strains and bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) was studied in vitro. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicated minimally in BAMs and most of the virus produced remained cell-associated. Approximately 1 out of 1,000 BAMs produced infectious virus, a number that further declined during the 7 days of culture. In contrast, BAMs exposed to bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3V) produced high amounts of infectious virus. The number of BAMs that contained BRSV antigen depended on the antigen load of the inoculum and not on the infectivity of the virus. Antibody mediated enhancement of infection was not detected. It is concluded that bovine alveolar macrophages exhibit a high intrinsic resistance to BRSV, but not to PI3V.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates minimally in bovine alveolar macrophages

Schrijver¹,

Kramps²,

Middel³

et al. 1995

Archives of Virology

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“…The interfering activities of purified DI particles were examined by the standard virus yield reduction assay as described previously (26,27,31).…”

Section: Vol 79 2005 Utilization Of Vsv Proteins By DI Particle Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Homotypic and Heterotypic Proteins of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Defective Interfering Particle Genomes for RNA Replication and Virion Assembly: Implications for the Mechanism of Homologous Viral Interference

Kim

Kang

2005

J Virol

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Defective interfering (DI) particles of Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV Ind ) are capable of interfering with the replication of both homotypic VSV Ind and heterotypic New Jersey serotype (VSV NJ ) standard virus. In contrast, DI particles from VSV NJ do not interfere with the replication of VSV Ind standard virus but do interfere with VSV NJ replication. The differences in the interfering activities of VSV Ind DI particles and VSV NJ DI particles against heterotypic standard virus were investigated. We examined the utilization of homotypic and heterotypic VSV proteins by DI particle genomic RNAs for replication and maturation into infectious DI particles. Here we show that the RNA-nucleocapsid protein (N) complex of one serotype does not utilize the polymerase complex (P and L) of the other serotype for RNA synthesis, while DI particle genomic RNAs of both serotypes can utilize the N, P, and L proteins of either serotype without serotypic restriction but with differing efficiencies as long as all three proteins are derived from the same serotype. The genomic RNAs of VSV Ind DI particles assembled and matured into DI particles by using either homotypic or heterotypic viral proteins. In contrast, VSV NJ DI particles could assemble only with homotypic VSV NJ viral proteins, although the genomic RNAs of VSV NJ DI particles could be replicated by using heterotypic VSV Ind N, P, and L proteins. Thus, we concluded that both efficient RNA replication and assembly of DI particles are required for the heterotypic interference by VSV DI particles.The mechanism of homologous viral interference mediated by defective interfering (DI) particles has been the subject of investigation for several decades, with the expectation that an understanding of homologous viral interference at the molecular level may lead us to the development of virus-specific, antiviral therapeutic agents. DI particles are subgenomic virus particles, which are generated from the standard virus during undiluted, high-multiplicity passages. DI particles depend on the viral proteins provided by the standard virus for their replication and maturation, yet they interfere with the replication of standard virus in vitro and in vivo. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been frequently utilized to study the mechanism of the homologous viral interference, since VSV DI particles are physically separable from the standard virus. We isolated two panhandle-type DI particles from the two different serotypes of VSV, VSV Ind DI particle (I DI ) from Indiana serotype (26) and VSV NJ DI particle (NJ DI ) from New Jersey serotype (4), and characterized their genomic structures and interfering activities in our laboratory (4). Among several types of DI particles of VSV, the panhandle-type DI particles are the most commonly isolated. Panhandle-type DI particles contain various lengths of inverse complementary sequences at the 3Ј and 5Ј termini of their genome (13,21). The 3Ј genomic terminus of the panhandle-type DI particle is exactly the same as the 3Ј ...

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“…Although DIP have frequently been proposed to explain the persistence of virus infections in vitro [19] and are generated by RSV [20], RSV chronicity has only been reported in P388D 1 cells, a murine macrophage-line cell line [9]. By contrast, the presence of DIP in cultures persistently infected with parainfluenza virus, another member of the Paramyxoviridae family, has been documented in monkey [21][22][23] and human [21] cell lines.…”

Section: Viral Defective Particles Participate In Rsv Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Persistence in Cell Lines: Association with Defective Interfering Particles

Romero‐Valdovinos

Gómez²

2003

Intervirology

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Defective interfering particles (DIP) have frequently been advanced to explain the persistence of virus in vitro. However, DIP involvement in the establishment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) persistence in cell lines has not been documented. We report establishment of RSV persistence in human epithelial larynx (HEp-2) and lung (H358) cell lines by infection with RSV enriched with DIP. Viral persistence in HEp-2 and H358 has been stably maintained for >3 years without apparent cytopathic effect or periodic crises. Persistent cultures resisted superinfection with the original virus and no cyclic variations in infectious virus and DIP yields were observed. During passages, low levels of infectious RSV and defined species of DIP were produced. Moreover, 80–90% of the cells exhibited viral antigen. Persistence in H358 cells was established with a buoyant density band containing DIP and infectious virus obtained from a H358 persistently infected culture. Thus, DIP are required for establishment of RSV persistence cultures in human epithelial cell lines; however, DIP per se are not able to establish persistence.

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A Colorimetric Assay for Quantification of Defective Interfering Particles of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates minimally in bovine alveolar macrophages

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus replicates minimally in bovine alveolar macrophages

Utilization of Homotypic and Heterotypic Proteins of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Defective Interfering Particle Genomes for RNA Replication and Virion Assembly: Implications for the Mechanism of Homologous Viral Interference

Establishment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Persistence in Cell Lines: Association with Defective Interfering Particles

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