A combinational approach of multilocus sequence typing and other molecular typing methods in unravelling the epidemiology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains from poultry and mammals

Janßen, Traute; Voß, Matthias; Kühl, Michael; Semmler, Torsten; Philipp, Hans-Christian; Ewers, Christa

doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0216-x

Cited by 38 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In this study, the mammalian spaA‐ positive isolates demonstrated the widest range of virulence factor profiles. In agreement with previous publications, these isolates were uniformly positive for all tested virulence factors, except algI (94.1%), dnaB (94.1%) and mviN1 (23.5%; Janßen et al., ). In contrast, there is limited documentation of virulence factor profiles for SpaB‐ and SpaC‐positive isolates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of spaC‐type Erysipelothrix sp. isolates causing systemic disease in ornamental fish

Pomaranski

Reichley

Yanong

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Since 2012, low-to-moderate mortality associated with an Erysipelothrix sp. bacterium has been reported in ornamental fish. Histological findings have included facial cellulitis, necrotizing dermatitis and myositis, and disseminated coelomitis with abundant intralesional Gram-positive bacterial colonies. Sixteen Erysipelothrix sp. isolates identified phenotypically as E. rhusiopathiae were recovered from diseased cyprinid and characid fish. Similar clinical and histological changes were also observed in zebrafish, Danio rerio, challenged by intracoelomic injection. The Erysipelothrix sp. isolates from ornamental fish were compared phenotypically and genetically to E. rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum isolates recovered from aquatic and terrestrial animals from multiple facilities. Results demonstrated that isolates from diseased fish were largely clonal and divergent from E. rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum isolates from normal fish skin, marine mammals and terrestrial animals. All ornamental fish isolates were PCR positive for spaC, with marked genetic divergence (<92% similarity at gyrB, <60% similarity by rep-PCR) between the ornamental fish isolates and other Erysipelothrix spp. isolates. This study supports previous work citing the genetic variability of Erysipelothrix spp. spa types and suggests isolates from diseased ornamental fish may represent a genetically distinct species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of spaC‐type Erysipelothrix sp. isolates causing systemic disease in ornamental fish

Pomaranski

Reichley

Yanong

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…In E. rhusiopathiae strains, no correlation has been found between multilocus sequence typing and PFGE (10). The results of this study also showed no clear correlations between the geographic origins or years of isolation of the strains and the PFGE patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

“…However, Janßen et al (10) reported that among 165 E. rhusiopathiae field isolates primarily from Germany, only 2.4% (4/165) were of the M203/I257-SpaA type (grouped as group V in their study). Furthermore, we did not find this SpaA type in the 135 E. rhusiopathiae isolates collected from livestock and wildlife from multiple continents (16), including the isolates from arctic and boreal ungulates (21) ( Table S4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The failure to use vaccines and improper vaccine management, including the timing of vaccination, have been suggested as possible reasons, although the outbreaks remain unexplained. In Germany, erysipelas is also emerging in poultry industries (10). Recently, E. rhusiopathiae has been reported to be the cause of the large-scale die-offs of muskoxen in the Canadian Arctic (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Clonal Lineages of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Responsible for Acute Swine Erysipelas in Japan Identified by Using Genome-Wide Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis

Ogawa

Shiraiwa

Ogura

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes swine erysipelas, an important infectious disease in the swine industry. In Japan, the incidence of acute swine erysipelas due to E. rhusiopathiae serovar 1a has recently increased markedly. To study the genetic relatedness of the strains from the recent cases, we analyzed 34 E. rhusiopathiae serovar 1a swine isolates collected between 1990 and 2011 and further investigated the possible association of the live Koganei 65-0.15 vaccine strain (serovar 1a) with the increase in cases. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed no marked variation among the isolates; however, sequencing analysis of a hypervariable region in the surface-protective antigen A gene (spaA) revealed that the strains isolated after 2007 exhibited the same spaA genotype and could be differentiated from older strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed that the Japanese strains examined were closely related, showing a relatively small number of SNPs among them. The strains were classified into four major lineages, with Koganei 65-0.15 (lineage III) being phylogenetically separated from the other three lineages. The strains isolated after 2007 and the two older strains constituted one major lineage (lineage IV) with a specific spaA genotype (M203/I257-SpaA), while the recent isolates were further divided into two geographic groups. The remaining older isolates belonged to either lineage I, with the I203/L257-SpaA type, or lineage II, with the I203/ I257-SpaA type. These results indicate that the recent increased incidence of acute swine erysipelas in Japan is associated with two sublineages of lineage IV, which have independently evolved in two different geographic regions.IMPORTANCE Using large-scale whole-genome sequence data from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates from a wide range of hosts and geographic origins, a recent study clarified the existence of three distinct clades (clades 1, 2, and 3) that are found across multiple continents and host species, representing both livestock and wildlife, and an "intermediate" clade between clade 2 and the dominant clade 3 within the species. In this study, we found that the E. rhusiopathiae Japanese strains examined exhibited remarkably low levels of genetic diversity and confirmed that all of the Japanese and Chinese swine isolates examined in this study belong to clonal lineages within the intermediate clade. We report that spaA genotyping of E. rhusiopathiae strains is a practical alternative to whole-genome sequencing analysis of the E. rhusiopathiae isolates from eastern Asian countries.

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“…It has been hypothesized that this ability to persist in the environment for extended periods, in addition to E. rhusiopathiae 's wide host range, are the most important factors facilitating its widespread distribution (Brooke and Riley, 1999). Several virulence factors have been demonstrated or suggested for this bacterium, including neuraminidase, surface protective antigen A and the capsular polysaccharide (Ogawa et al, 2011; Shi et al, 2012), the majority of which appear to be commonly present (Janßen et al, 2015). Isolates of E. rhusiopathiae sequenced to date fall into three distinct clades, all of which appear to have retained some degree of host generalism (Forde et al, 2016), suggesting that most strains can likely be transmitted between species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Genomics Reveal the Complex Epidemiology of an Emerging Pathogen in Arctic and Boreal Ungulates

et al. 2016

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Northern ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented ecological change, largely driven by a rapidly changing climate. Pathogen range expansion, and emergence and altered patterns of infectious disease, are increasingly reported in wildlife at high latitudes. Understanding the causes and consequences of shifting pathogen diversity and host-pathogen interactions in these ecosystems is important for wildlife conservation, and for indigenous populations that depend on wildlife. Among the key questions are whether disease events are associated with endemic or recently introduced pathogens, and whether emerging strains are spreading throughout the region. In this study, we used a phylogenomic approach to address these questions of pathogen endemicity and spread for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, an opportunistic multi-host bacterial pathogen associated with recent mortalities in arctic and boreal ungulate populations in North America. We isolated E. rhusiopathiae from carcasses associated with large-scale die-offs of muskoxen in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and from contemporaneous mortality events and/or population declines among muskoxen in northwestern Alaska and caribou and moose in western Canada. Bacterial genomic diversity differed markedly among these locations; minimal divergence was present among isolates from muskoxen in the Canadian Arctic, while in caribou and moose populations, strains from highly divergent clades were isolated from the same location, or even from within a single carcass. These results indicate that mortalities among northern ungulates are not associated with a single emerging strain of E. rhusiopathiae, and that alternate hypotheses need to be explored. Our study illustrates the value and limitations of bacterial genomic data for discriminating between ecological hypotheses of disease emergence, and highlights the importance of studying emerging pathogens within the broader context of environmental and host factors.

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A combinational approach of multilocus sequence typing and other molecular typing methods in unravelling the epidemiology of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains from poultry and mammals

Cited by 38 publications

References 62 publications

Characterization of spaC‐type Erysipelothrix sp. isolates causing systemic disease in ornamental fish

Characterization of spaC‐type Erysipelothrix sp. isolates causing systemic disease in ornamental fish

Clonal Lineages of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Responsible for Acute Swine Erysipelas in Japan Identified by Using Genome-Wide Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis

Bacterial Genomics Reveal the Complex Epidemiology of an Emerging Pathogen in Arctic and Boreal Ungulates

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