A combined index of waist circumference and muscle quality is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor accumulation in Japanese obese patients: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Purpose To identify obese patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using a combined index of obesity and sarcopenia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we firstly conducted analysis of covariance to select each index most associated with the CVD risk score, the number of concomitant CVD risk factors, among obesity- (body mass index, percentage body fat, or waist circumference [WC]) and sarcopenia-evaluated indices (skeletal muscle mass index, handgrip strength, or muscle quality [MQ]), respectively in 188 Japanese obese patients (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 73 men and 115 women). Next, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis to compare the four groups (Group A–D) classified by medians of the selected indices. Results WC and MQ were selected as the indices most associated with the CVD risk scores, respectively. The CVD risk score was significantly higher in Group B (low WC and low MQ) and Group D (high WC and low MQ) with higher prevalence of diabetes as compared with Group A (low WC and high MQ). Adjusted for sex and age, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 2 were significantly higher in Group B, Group C (high WC and high MQ), and Group D compared with Group A. Furthermore, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 3 were significantly higher only in Group D compared with Group A (4.29 [95% confidence interval: 1.49–12.33], p = 0.007). Conclusion Combined index of WC and MQ was useful in Japanese obese patients at high risk of CVD, regardless sex and age.

Muscle Quality Index is inversely associated with psychosocial variables among Chilean adolescents

“…[52] associated MQI with the accumulation of cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese patients and evidenced an accumulation of cardiovascular disease risk factors when combining WC and MQI, independent of sex and age [52]. Although our study did not evaluate cardiovascular risk factors since it was not the purpose of the study, it did assess abdominal obesity, which is directly associated with cardiometabolic risk markers.…”

Five percent weight loss is a significant 1-year predictor and an optimal 5-year cut-off for reducing the number of obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk components: the Japan Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study

“…The primary endpoint was the change in obesity-related CVD risk scores between the baseline and follow-up periods. Obesity-related CVD risk score used as an endpoint in this study was the number of matches of four criteria: triglyceride (TG) level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose level, to the exclusion of abdominal circumference from the NCEP-ATP III MetS risk score corresponding to Japanese standard cut-off values, referring to previous reports ( 19 , 20 ). Cut-off values of these parameters for MetS were selected according to the guidelines of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity ( 21 ): waist circumference ≥ 85 (men) and 90 (women) cm; fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 6.1 mmol/L; systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 85 mmHg; TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L; HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L.…”

The serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratios predicts risk for type 2 diabetes: A Chinese cohort study

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