A Combined Overview of Combustion, Pyrolysis, and Gasification of Biomass

Abstract

From the conventional use of biomass in the form of heating to the modern day use of biomass in the form of electricity generation and biofuel production, biomass has always been part of the evolution of mankind. Modern day use of biomass is gradually becoming more complex, and engineering played an important role in defining different directions. This review provides an overall view of biomass utilization through thermal treatment including combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Efficient use of biomass with the desired output and minimizing the drawbacks are the core of the research, and marginal focus is being held on developing new techniques. The variety of composition and uptake of different elements throughout the lifespan of biomass produces a mixture of results. In general, it can be seen that the optimization was observed either in the form of chemical looping combustion to prevent greenhouse gas emission or in upgrading of bio-oil to produce biofuels. The significant factor is the reaction conditions, which define the ultimate product yield and the products' performance in different applications. Moreover, the development of new systems is desired in the present scenario due to the limited possibility of further improvement in the current systems.

Carbon conversion and stabilisation of date palm and high rate algal pond (microalgae) biomass through slow pyrolysis

“…The heating rate determines the yield of bio‐oil, char, and syngas production. The slow pyrolysis yields the high amount of char which can, in turn, be useful for soil amendment application . Char has found to contain significant potential for carbon storage and sequestration while adding net negative carbon into the environment.…”

“…The slow pyrolysis yields the high amount of char which can, in turn, be useful for soil amendment application. 15 Char has found to contain significant potential for carbon storage and sequestration while adding net negative carbon into the environment. Woolf et al 16 estimated the sequestration of carbon up to 130 Gigatons throughout a century.…”

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“…Biomass can be utilized through biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes to produce electricity, heat, biofuels, and chemicals. Among thermochemical processes, gasification is considered as one of the most promising and efficient technologies for the biomass conversion into energy and chemical products . However, there are several issues that constrain its implementation on an industrial scale, and formation of tar is one of the main obstacles to biomass gasification and recovery of the resulting gas commodities .…”

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“…Carbonization increases the calorific value and the fixed carbon content of the wood, making the product a more energy-intensive material when compared to the raw material from which it originated (Trugilho et al, 2001). During the carbonization process, the wood is subjected to the action of high temperatures in the transformation process in which its chemical components are extensively modified (Akhtar et al, 2018).…”