The objective of
this study was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared
(near IR) spectroscopy associated with multivariate statistics to
distinguish charcoal produced from wood of planted and native forests
in Brazil. Timber forest species from the Cerrado (Cedrela sp., Aspidosperma sp., Jacaranda sp., and Apuleia sp.) and Eucalyptus clones from forestry companies (Vallourec steel producer and Cenibra
pulp producer) were pyrolyzed under well controlled laboratory scale
conditions at the final temperatures of 300 (573,15), 500 (773,15)
and 700 °C (973,15 K), respectively. Fifteen charcoals of each
species were produced for each temperature leading to heighten controlled
pyrolysis treatments and finally 270 charcoal samples (3 treatments
× 15 repetitions × 6 materials). Principal component analysis
(PCA) and partial least-squares regression (PLS-R) were carried out
in the spectra recorded from charcoal specimens. Near IR spectroscopy
associated with PCA was not able to differentiate the charcoals produced
from native and planted woods if the 270 samples were considered in
the same analysis. However, the separation of native and planted charcoal
was achieved when the samples were analyzed separately by final pyrolysis
temperature. Thus, the prediction of native or planted classes by
PLS-R presented better performance for samples pyrolyzed at 300 °C,
followed by those at 500 °C, 700 °C, and all together.
Resumo-O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal oriundos de árvores jovens de Eucalyptus spp., bem como verificar a influência da idade e clone no desempenho energético desses combustíveis. Foram amostrados os clones 1277 e 0321 de Eucalyptus spp. em duas idades (46 e 58 meses). Na madeira foram determinadas as características químicas moleculares e elementares, a densidade básica, os estoques de carbono e lignina por volume, as densidades energéticas e os poderes caloríficos (superior e inferior). O carvão vegetal foi produzido em um forno elétrico (mufla) com temperatura final de 450 °C. Foi realizado o balanço de massa e energia das carbonizações, além da avaliação da composição química imediata, densidade aparente e poderes caloríficos do carvão vegetal produzido. O clone 1277, na idade de 58 meses, é o mais indicado para a produção de carvão vegetal siderúrgico e combustão direta da madeira, pois apresentou melhores resultados para a densidade básica, densidades energéticas, estoques de carbono e lignina por unidade de volume e para o teor de lignina da madeira. O efeito clonal e da idade não influenciou os teores de carbono fixo e materiais voláteis, os poderes caloríficos, o rendimento em carvão vegetal e as perdas energéticas da carbonização. Wood and charcoal quality from planted forest in Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Predictive models were developed for estimating wood density from NIR spectra. Averaged wood density by trees were associated with NIR spectra measured in the wood of breast height. More reliable predictions were obtained using mean values per clone in calibration set. The best model for predicting wood density presented R²cv of 0.77 and RMSEcv of 15 kg. m-³
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