A durabilidade natural da madeira trata-se de excelente característica para destinar as peças de madeira em condições adequadas e eficientes de uso. Portanto, o estudo objetivou-se avaliar a resistência natural de seis espécies florestais madeireiras a cupins xilófagos em condição de campo. As madeiras estudadas das espécies tropicais foram andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.), aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão), cedro (Cedrella sp.), jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.), louro canela (Nectandra sp.) e maçaranduba (Manilkara elata (Allemão ex Miq.) Monach.). De cada espécie foram produzidas amostras com dimensões de 7,2 cm × 1,3 cm × 0,9 cm (longitudinal × radial × tangencial). Essas permaneceram expostas por período de 40 dias sob a ação de cupins Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky em ensaio de preferência alimentar, com determinação da densidade, percentual de perda de massa, índice de deterioração e o índice de susceptibilidade. A madeira de andiroba apresentou maior perda de massa e susceptibilidade ao ataque de N. corniger. Já as espécies cedro e o louro canela demonstraram valores intermediários entre as demais para os aspectos analisados. As madeiras de aroeira, jatobá e maçaranduba se destacaram nos valores de notas atribuídas ao desgaste, bem como, na baixa susceptibilidade ao ataque, tendo demonstrado maior durabilidade natural e resistência biológica ao ataque. Portanto, essas últimas madeiras são as mais indicadas para utilizações que visem promover o seu uso eficiente, a fim de minimizar os danos causados por exposição às térmitas (cupins) xilófagos e maximizar a vida útil e segurança do produto madeireiro.
This work aims to evaluate the color of 18 tropical species collected in sawmills located in the north region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil. In total, samples were produced from six trees for each species. The selected samples were sanded and evaluated by spectrophotometer, using the measurements system Cielab, to obtain the variables: brightness (L), the chromatic coordinates (a* and b*), saturation (C) and hue angle (h). There was no difference between the color of tangential or radial wood planes. The species could be grouped in 6 different classes based on the similarity of the pieces superficial colors. Grouping species by color is a possibility for marketing in local wood market, where often clients search for products based only in their aesthetic appearance. RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a caracterização colorimétrica de 18 espécies tropicais coletadas em serrarias da região norte do estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil. Ao todo, foram utilizadas madeiras provenientes de seis árvores para cada uma das espécies. As amostras selecionadas foram lixadas e avaliadas por meio do espectrofotocolorímetro, utilizando o sistema de medições Cielab, para obter as variáveis: claridade (L), coordenadas cromáticas (a* e b*), saturação (C) e ângulo de tinta (h). Não foi observada diferença entre a cor dos planos tangenciais e radiais das madeiras. As espécies puderam ser agrupadas em seis diferentes classes com base na similaridade da cor superficial das peças. O agrupamento de espécies pela cor é uma possibilidade de marketing para mercados locais, em que muitas vezes o cliente busca o produto com base na aparência estética.
The present study aimed to evaluate the dendrometric and chemical characteristics and variation of basic density and moisture content (green) of the wood of five Caatinga forest species along the commercial longitudinal direction (base-top) of logs. The studied species were pau-branco (Auxemma oncocalyx (Fr. All.) Taub.), jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir.), jurema-de-embira (Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth.), pereiro (Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart.) and sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.). Fifteen trees were harvested, three of each species. The trees had diameter at breast height of 8 to 12 cm. Five disks with thickness of 10 cm were removed from each tree at the positions 0 (base), 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height. The dendrometric characteristics showed that the choices of the trees contributed to a better analysis of the physicochemical properties of the wood. The five studied species could be described by the same model of longitudinal variation of basic density, decreasing from the base to top, while the moisture content (green) presented inverse behavior, with an increase in this same direction. All species had good quality for the production of sawn lumber, veneers, firewood and charcoal. In the chemical composition, the wood presented constituents that convey natural durability, as well as use for energy purposes.
Measuring the natural resistance of wood is fundamental for proper use. The natural durability of five tropical wood species was investigated by field decay testing during exposure for 360 days. Wood logs (length of 0,5 m; diameter of 8 cm -12 cm) were used in this study. The mass loss and decay index were calculated and visual analysis during the exposure time was performed for all samples. The samples presented evidence of two different groups concerning natural durability. The species in the first group (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, and Mimosa tenuiflora) showed the highest resistance to biodeterioration, better or similar performance compared to treated Eucalypts wood (as control). The other group (Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Cordia oncocalyx) had lower natural resistance in outdoor service, being more susceptible to decay. In general, the wood of the first group is indicated for outdoor uses that require medium or prolonged exposure, such as timber stakes and fence posts.
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