A Compact and Flexible UHF RFID Tag Antenna for Massive IoT Devices in 5G System

Abstract

Upcoming 5th-generation (5G) systems incorporate physical objects (referred to as things), which sense the presence of components such as gears, gadgets, and sensors. They may transmit many kinds of states in the smart city context, such as new deals at malls, safe distances on roads, patient heart rhythms (especially in hospitals), and logistic control at aerodromes and seaports around the world. These serve to form the so-called future internet of things (IoT). From this futuristic perspective, everything should have its own identity. In this context, radio frequency identification (RFID) plays a specific role, which provides wireless communications in a secure manner. Passive RFID tags carry out work using the energy harvested among massive systems. RFID has been habitually realized as a prerequisite for IoT, the combination of which is called IoT RFID (I-RFID). For the current scenario, such tags should be productive, low-profile, compact, easily mountable, and have eco-friendly features. The presently available tags are not cost-effective and have not been proven as green tags for environmentally friendly IoT in 5G systems nor are they suitable for long-range communications in 5G systems. The proposed I-RFID tag uses the meandering angle technique (MAT) to construct a design that satisfies the features of a lower-cost printed antenna over the worldwide UHF RFID band standard (860–960 MHz). In our research, tag MAT antennas are fabricated on paper-based Korsnäs by screen- and flexo-printing, which have lowest simulated effective outcomes with dielectric variation due to humidity and have a plausible read range (RR) for European (EU; 866–868 MHz) and North American (NA; 902–928 MHz) UHF band standards. The I-RFID tag size is reduced by 36% to 38% w.r.t. a previously published case, the tag gain has been improved by 23.6% to 33.12%, and its read range has been enhanced by 50.9% and 59.6% for EU and NA UHF bands, respectively. It provides impressive performance on some platforms (e.g., plastic, paper, and glass), thereby providing a new state-of-the-art I-RFID tag with better qualities in 5G systems.

Synthesis of Antennas for Active Glazing Unit with Photovoltaic Modules

“…Consideration of the use of RFID antennas, optimized for use on glass substrates, typically automotive glazing, can be found in the relevant literature [15][16][17]. These structures are usually dedicated to work in harsh environmental conditions (e.g., near metal) and are constructed as a modification of dipole antennas (with linear polarization).…”

Towards an Efficient Chipless RFID System for Modern Applications in IoT Networks

“…Additionally, the bit encoding capability of the proposed tag in the high frequency spectrum suggests that its size can be further reduced and, consequently, the cost, if the tag is redesigned for high frequency applications such as object localization and robotics where accurate position resolution is required. This would also enable the tag to encode greater number of bits as the bandwidth increases, which is one the primary requirement of heterogeneous networks such as the IoT [18].…”

Modelling and Evaluation of the Absorption of the 866 MHz Electromagnetic Field in Humans Exposed near to Fixed I-RFID Readers Used in Medical RTLS or to Monitor PPE

“…One of the widely used communication technologies that may be incorporated into the IoT concept is the RadioFrequency IDentification (RFID) system [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The combination of these is known as IoT RFID (I-RFID) [ 10 ]. These systems have also been widely used for many years in applications incorporating humans wearing active or passive components of an I-RFID network.…”