A Compact Four-Channel MIMO 5G Sub-6 GHz/LTE/WLAN/V2X Antenna Design for Modern Vehicles

Che, Jiu-Kun; Chen, Chi‐Chih; Locke, John F.

doi:10.1109/tap.2021.3083765

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In [13], a quarter-wave balun fed Vivaldi antenna with dimensions of 190 × 187.5 × 187.3mm 3 was designed and an average gain of −5 dBi was reported around 5.9 GHz. The work in [2] shows a peak gain of 8 dBi at 5.9 GHz; however, it does not show average gain values and it does not tell at which elevation angles this peak gain is achieved. Unlike the above designs, the proposed cavity-backed slot antenna is made to be attached to the vehicle windshield instead of the roof which allows improved radiation pattern for elevation angles > 90 • and consequently improve the V2X communication scheme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Vehicular V2X antennas are required to communicate with vehicles, infrastructure, network, and pedestrians that are located at various elevations with respect to the vehicle's antenna. Thus, good coverage in Theta angles range 75 • < θ < 95 • is important to make sure that good reception performance is achieved for electromagnetic waves originating from antennas mounted in high locations like base station towers as well as to cover waves incident from below-horizon angles [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cavity-Backed Slot V2X Antenna for Automotive Applications

2022

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In this work, a cavity-backed slot antenna has been designed to cover vehicle-to-everything (V2X) frequencies (5.85−5.9255.85-5.925 GHz). The antenna is made to be easily integrated in a vehicle windshield or rear mirror. The cavity-backed slot antenna does not require a ground plane to sit on which makes it an ideal model for below horizon performance. Antenna simulation has been done using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and then on-foam and on vehicle’s windshield measurements have been carried out inside an anechoic chamber. The proposed antenna achieved a linear average gain (LAG) above 2.5 dBi in the targeted V2X elevation and azimuth angles with better than 15 dB return loss. The antenna performance has been reported in terms of reflection coefficient, surface current density, radiation pattern, LAG, and efficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavity-Backed Slot V2X Antenna for Automotive Applications

2022

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“…The 12-port MIMO antenna module is simulated with a full car model to see the antenna behavior. The antenna is placed at a distance of 10 mm above the car body to isolate it from the conducting car body [39]. This can be realized in a practical scenario using a non-conducting aerodynamic antenna housing.…”

Section: B V2x Communication Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Microwave and mm-Wave MIMO Antenna Module With 360° Pattern Diversity for 5G Internet of Things

Hussain

Kim

2022

IEEE Internet Things J.

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The complete coverage of the operating frequency bands from microwave bands to millimeter (mm-wave) is required for the realization of the fifth-generation (5G) internet-of-thing (IoT) systems. Here, we present a multi-band antenna operating at the microwave (2.5/3.5/5.5/7.5 GHz) and mm-wave bands (23 -31 GHz), and its 12-port MIMO configuration with pattern diversity affording 360° coverage for 5G IoT applications. The multi-band characteristics are obtained by adding well-designed quarterwavelength stubs. The antenna operates at the important frequency bands from 2.37 -2.65 GHz, 3.25 -3.85 GHz, 5.0 -6.1 GHz, and 7.15 -8.5 GHz (|S11| < -10 dB), while it resonates from 23 -31 GHz at the mm-wave band with the desired radiation characteristics. Moreover, the antenna has more than 95% radiation efficiency and a stable gain (> 2.5 dBi at microwave band and 6.5 dBi at mm-wave bands) characteristics. In addition, the single-element antenna is translated to design a 2 × 2 MIMO antenna. This MIMO unit is further utilized in the formation of 2 × 4 and the proposed 3 × 4 (12-port) MIMO configurations to achieve spectral and pattern diversity. Considering the unique three-dimensional arrangement of the antenna elements, the 12port MIMO system is the only one of its kind that offers the codesign of microwave and mm-wave antenna, good isolation, and pattern diversity, providing complete 360-degrees space coverage in elevation and azimuth planes. The proposed antenna module is suitable for 5G IoT, especially in an indoor scenario for smart houses, offices, and vehicle-to-everything communications.

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“…Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) is one of the key technologies to achieve huge data rates in 5G and beyond communication networks since it exploits spatial diversity to communicate with multiple users within the same time-frequency resources [21], [22]. However, the antenna array design and its features have an impact on the channel correlation among users, and hence, effecting the capacity of massive MIMO communication channels [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual Slant-Polarized Cylindrical Array of Tightly Coupled Dipole Antennas

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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This study proposes a design of a low-profile ultra wide-band cylindrical antenna array with plus/minus 45-degree dual polarization. The proposed compact cylindrical antenna array produces an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the azimuth plane to cover all directions. It consists of 20 × 4 dualpolarized elements within a diameter of 131 mm and a height of 116 mm. The array elements are tightly coupled slant-polarized wideband dipole antennas, and hence, rotational symmetry of radiation patterns in the horizontal plane is achieved for the two orthogonal polarizations. Furthermore, a metasurface structure has been designed and placed over the interconnected array elements to achieve ultrawideband capabilities. The proposed array provides less than −10 dB reflection coefficient over a frequency band between 1.7 GHz and 5.9 GHz. The cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) is 15 dB at boresight in the azimuth plane. The electromagnetic characteristics of the cylindrical array and its corresponding planar array before bending have been evaluated and compared via simulations, and verified by measurements. The compact size, lightweight, and printable design of the proposed antenna array enable low-cost manufacturing and ease of installation. The proposed array design overcomes many challenges encountered in wide-band MIMO systems by covering the entire sub-6 GHz band while providing wide 360-degree coverage in the azimuth plane, hence, supporting multibeam applications.INDEX TERMS Cylindrical arrays, frequency selective surfaces, phased arrays, planar arrays, ultrawideband antennas.

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A Compact Four-Channel MIMO 5G Sub-6 GHz/LTE/WLAN/V2X Antenna Design for Modern Vehicles

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Cavity-Backed Slot V2X Antenna for Automotive Applications

Cavity-Backed Slot V2X Antenna for Automotive Applications

Integrated Microwave and mm-Wave MIMO Antenna Module With 360° Pattern Diversity for 5G Internet of Things

A Dual Slant-Polarized Cylindrical Array of Tightly Coupled Dipole Antennas

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