A compact theory of magnetic nerve stimulation: predicting how to aim

Babbs, Charles F.

doi:10.1186/1475-925x-13-53

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In Type II stimulation, if the stimulation pulse is sufficiently wide, then both the rising and the falling phases of the induced electric field can depolarize the membrane (at different locations) and initiate action potentials. This modeling result is in agreement with a previous study (Babbs, 2014), which reported that axon segments in a sub-millimeter scale were the sites of magnetic stimulation. The axonal membrane at one end was depolarized locally during the rising phase of current in the coil.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The axonal membrane at one end was depolarized locally during the rising phase of current in the coil. The axonal membrane at the opposite end was depolarized locally during the falling phase of current in the coil (Babbs, 2014 ). Similarly, Maccabee et al ( 1993 ) also reported that a polyphasic pulse excited the nerve at two different sites on the axon by a negative first phase at one location and by a reversed second phase at the other location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Finding the Location of Axonal Activation by a Miniature Magnetic Coil

2022

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Magnetic stimulation for neural activation is widely used in clinical and lab research. In comparison to electric stimulation using an implanted electrode, stimulation with a large magnetic coil is associated with poor spatial specificity and incapability to stimulate deep brain structures. Recent developments in micromagnetic stimulation (μMS) technology mitigates some of these shortcomings. The sub-millimeter coils can be covered with soft, biocompatible material, and chronically implanted. They can provide highly specific neural stimulation in the deep neural structure. Although the μMS technology is expected to provide a precise location of neural stimulation, the exact site of neural activation is difficult to determine. Furthermore, factors that could cause the shifting of the activation site during μMS have not been fully investigated. To estimate the location of axon activation in μMS, we first derived an analytical expression of the activating function, which predicts the location of membrane depolarization in an unmyelinated axon. Then, we developed a multi-compartment, Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) type of NEURON model of an unmyelinated axon to test the impact of several important coil parameters on the location of axonal activation. The location of axonal activation was dependent on both the parameters of the stimulus and the biophysics properties of the targeted axon during μMS. The activating function analysis predicted that the location of membrane depolarization and activation could shift due to the reversal of the coil current and the change in the coil-axon distance. The NEURON modeling confirmed these predictions. Interestingly, the NEURON simulation further revealed that the intensity of stimulation played a significant role in the activation location. Moderate or strong coil currents activated the axon at different locations, mediated by two distinct ion channel mechanisms. This study reports several experimental factors that could cause a potential shift in the location of neural activation during μMS, which is essential for further development of this novel technology.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding the Location of Axonal Activation by a Miniature Magnetic Coil

2022

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Magnetic fields have been shown to easily pass skin, skull and brain tissue (Murphy and Persinger, 2011, Nummenmaa et al, 2013, Bonmassar et al 2012, Babbs, 2014 and this have been related to a toroidal computing process of neural oscillations and Ca2+ pulsing, in which all collaborative effort of glia cells also plays a role (see also Pereira and Furlan, 2007;Pereira, 2017). These aspects highlight the rising interest for electromagnetic correlates in consciousness studies (Liboff, 2017;Prakash et al 2008), in which, among other mechanisms magnetic activation of slow acting voltage-gated Ca2+ channels could play a prominent role (Bonmassar et al, 2012).…”

Section: -Quantum Coherence Mediated Brain Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consciousness in the Universe is Scale Invariant and Implies an Event Horizon of the Human Brain

Meijer¹,

Geesink²

2017

Neuroquantology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our brain is not a "stand alone" information processing organ: it acts as a central part of our integral nervous system with recurrent information exchange with the entire organism and the cosmos. In this study, the brain is conceived to be embedded in a holographic structured field that interacts with resonant sensitive structures in the various cell types in our body. In order to explain earlier reported ultra-rapid brain responses and effective operation of the meta-stable neural system, a field-receptive mental workspace is proposed to be communicating with the brain. Our integral nervous system is seen as a dedicated neural transmission and multi-cavity network that, in a non-dual manner, interacts with the proposed supervening meta-cognitive domain. Among others, it is integrating discrete patterns of eigen-frequencies of photonic/solitonic waves, thereby continuously updating a time-symmetric global memory space of the individual. Its toroidal organization allows the coupling of gravitational, dark energy, zero-point energy field (ZPE) as well as earth magnetic fields energies and transmits wave information into brain tissue, that thereby is instrumental in high speed conscious and sub-conscious information processing. We propose that the supposed field-receptive workspace, in a mutual interaction with the whole nervous system, generates self-consciousness and is conceived as operating from a 4 th spatial dimension (hyper-sphere). Its functional structure is adequately defined by the geometry of the torus, that is envisioned as a basic unit (operator) of space-time. The latter is instrumental in collecting the pattern of discrete soliton frequencies that provided an algorithm for coherent life processes, as earlier identified by us. It is postulated that consciousness in the entire universe arises through, scale invariant, nested toroidal coupling of various energy fields, that may include quantum error correction. In the brain of the human species, this takes the form of the proposed holographic workspace, that collects active information in a "brain event horizon", representing an internal and fully integral model of the self. This brain-supervening workspace is equipped to convert integrated coherent wave energies into attractor type/standing waves that guide the related cortical template to a higher coordination of reflection and action as well as network synchronicity, as required for conscious states. In relation to its scale-invariant global character, we find support for a universal information matrix, that was extensively described earlier, as a supposed implicate order as well as in a spectrum of space-time theories in current physics. The presence of a field-receptive resonant workspace, associated with, but not reducible to, our brain, may provide an interpretation framework for widely reported, but poorly understood transpersonal conscious states and algorithmic origin of life. It also points out the deep connection of mankind with the cosmos and our major responsibility for the future of our ...

show abstract

“…Одной из перспективных физиотерапевтических методик является ритмическая периферическая магнитная стимуляция (рПМС) [9,10]. Физиологические основы метода рПМС связаны с воздействием наведенного электрического тока, т. е. возникающего в результате электромагнитной индукции, с последующей активацией проводниковых структур периферической и центральной нервной системы [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The experience with repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation in subjects with lumbosacral radiculopathy

Blokhina

Kopachka

Troshina

et al. 2020

Neuromuscular Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction. Lumbosacral radiculopathy is а leading cause of long-term disability. Taking into a consideration the duration of treatment radiculopathy, the risk of developing adverse reactions when taking analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the physiotherapeutic method — repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation may become a promising method of therapy.Aim of the study. Assessment of the effectiveness of the complex treatment for patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy using the course of the repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation.Materials and methods. Forty patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy were enrolled in the open non-randomized study, were divided into 2 parallel groups. The patients of the 1st group received a course of traditional treatment and a course of the repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation. The patients of the 2nd group were treated with the traditional treatment without the course of the stimulation. A magnetic stimulator MagPro (Magventure, Denmark) was used for repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation.Results. A significant difference (p <0.001) was registered regarding the reduction of pain syndrome and the improvement of the functional status after treatment in both groups. 14 (70 %) patients of the first group achieved a pain visual analogue scale relief by 50 % after 10 repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation sessions, while 6 (30 %) patients did this after 15 repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation sessions. We did not observed a statistically significant differences (p >0.05) in pain syndrome, functional status, anxiety level at the end of follow-up between the groups.Conclusion. We did not receive the benefits of the repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation course in comparison with a traditional treatment of a lumbosacral radiculopathy. Further placebo-controlled studies to study the effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on pain and anxiety in patients with back pain and radiculopathy are required.

show abstract

A compact theory of magnetic nerve stimulation: predicting how to aim

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Finding the Location of Axonal Activation by a Miniature Magnetic Coil

Finding the Location of Axonal Activation by a Miniature Magnetic Coil

Consciousness in the Universe is Scale Invariant and Implies an Event Horizon of the Human Brain

The experience with repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation in subjects with lumbosacral radiculopathy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About