A comparative analysis of moisture transport models as applied to an epoxy binder

Glaskova, T. I.; Guedes, R. M.; Morais, J.J.L.; Aniskevich, Andrey

doi:10.1007/s11029-007-0034-y

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Attempts have been made to model anomalous diffusion in epoxies. The most common categories of model used are time-dependent [15][23], concentration-dependent [20], [15], the moisture (Langmuir model) [18] or uptake process in general [22] [24]. All of these methods rely on experimental observation in order to specify suitable parameters for anomalous diffusion models.…”

Section: Anomalous Diffusion Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water, salt water, and alkaline solution uptake in epoxy thin films

Scott¹,

Lees

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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As a means of characterising the diffusion parameters of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites within a relatively short time frame, the potential use of short term tests on epoxy films to predict the long-term behaviour is investigated. Reference is made to the literature to assess the effectiveness of Fickian and anomalous diffusion models to describe solution uptake in epoxies. The influence of differing exposure conditions on the diffusion in epoxies, in particular the effect of solution type and temperature, are explored. Experimental results, where the solution uptake in desiccated (D) or undesiccated (U) thin films of a commercially available epoxy matrix subjected to water (W), salt water (SW), or alkali concrete pore solution (CPS) at either 20 or 60 °C, are also presented. It was found that the type of solution did not significantly influence the diffusion behaviour at 20°C and that the mass uptake profile was anomalous. Exposure to 60°C accelerated the initial diffusion behaviour and appeared to raise the level of saturation. In spite of the accelerated approach, conclusive values of uptake at saturation remained elusive even at an exposure period of 5 years.This finding questions the viability of using short-term thin film results to predict the long-term mechanical performance of FRP materials.

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Section: Anomalous Diffusion Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water, salt water, and alkaline solution uptake in epoxy thin films

Scott¹,

Lees

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Moisture sorption by epoxy resins is usually described by Fick's equation, which is considered as one‐dimensional diffusion for the case. Thus, a gradient of concentration only along the x axis is given by the following formula.

\frac{\partial C}{\partial t} = D \frac{{italic∂}^{2} C}{\partial x^{2}}

where C ( x, t ) is the concentration of diffusing substance at any point x and at any time moment t , D is the diffusion coefficient.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Nano‐Calcium Carbonate Particles on the Moisture Absorption and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposite

Yang

Huang

et al. 2016

Adv Polym Technol

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The moisture absorption and diffusion characteristics of epoxy-based nanocomposites containing nano-calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO 3 ) are investigated. Although the moisture absorption decreased with increasing nano-CaCO 3 content except for 8 wt%, the moisture absorption and diffusion behaviors were different from each other. It was found that the incorporation of 2 wt% and 4 wt% nano-CaCO 3 decreased moisture absorption capacity effectively. This is due to the more uniform distribution of nano-CaCO 3 particles, which created a longer diffusion path of moisture molecules in the nanocomposites. For the diffusion rate of moisture, there is no significant change observed on adding nano-CaCO 3 . The effect of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of nano-CaCO 3 -filled epoxy nanocomposites were investigated as a functional property of nano-CaCO 3 content. Due to moisture absorption, the flexural strength of epoxy/nano-CaCO 3 composites significantly impaired when compared to dry nanocomposites. However, the effect of nano-CaCO 3 on these mechanical properties was found to be positive, which allows the application of modified epoxy resin in high-humidity environments.

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“…The diffusion is not hindered physically due to nonhomogeneity of the structure, or chemically due to molecular bonding between water and polymer chains. A simple, one‐dimensional isotropic model, generally referred to as “Langmuir‐type,” was first proposed by Carter and Kibler and has since been successfully applied to the absorption behavior of several polymers and their composites , albeit only in one‐dimension. The diffusion in this one‐dimensional model is assumed to be hindered due to molecular binding and unbinding.…”

Section: Background and Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This so‐called initial linear region indicates that the total weight gain is linearly proportional with the square root of exposure time, and thus diffusion constant can be determined using the slope of this region. Numerous experimental results of moisture absorption in polymer composites seem to follow a Fickian diffusion process while others exhibit varying degrees of non‐Fickian behavior . There are other studies reporting non‐Fickian absorption followed by Fickian desorption or Fickian behavior at low temperatures and non‐Fickian behavior at higher temperatures .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-fickian three-dimensional hindered moisture absorption in polymeric composites: Model development and validation

Grace

Altan

2013

Polym. Compos.

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A new, three‐dimensional, anisotropic non‐Fickian diffusion model is developed to characterize moisture absorption in polymeric composites. The new hindered diffusion model extends the classical Fickian theory to include the effects of the interaction of diffusing molecules with the chemical and physical structure of polymeric composites. The numerical solution of the hindered diffusion model is obtained for a three‐dimensional, anisotropic domain by using a forward‐time, centered‐space finite difference technique. The moisture weight gain over time predicted by the model is shown to mimic a wide variety of anomalous absorption behavior, often exhibited by anisotropic composite laminates. The accuracy of the numerical solutions is verified by comparing the results to known analytical solutions of a one‐dimensional, “Langmuir‐type” diffusion model and for the limiting case of the three‐dimensional Fickian model. The utility of the proposed hindered diffusion model is demonstrated by accurately recovering the absorption behavior of three different material systems reported in literature. First, it is shown that the hindered diffusion model can accurately predict the moisture absorption data for unidirectional glass‐reinforced epoxy plates of varying dimensions exposed to a relative humidity of 80%. Second, the one‐dimensional version of the model is applied to experimental moisture absorption data for isotropic epoxy resin samples of different thicknesses. Anomalous effects due to sample thickness reported in the original article are accurately captured. Third, the proposed model is shown to be more accurate than a two‐stage diffusion model applied to moisture absorption data obtained from a woven 3‐ply carbon fiber reinforced bismaleimide composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1144–1157, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

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A comparative analysis of moisture transport models as applied to an epoxy binder

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Water, salt water, and alkaline solution uptake in epoxy thin films

Water, salt water, and alkaline solution uptake in epoxy thin films

Influence of Nano‐Calcium Carbonate Particles on the Moisture Absorption and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposite

Non-fickian three-dimensional hindered moisture absorption in polymeric composites: Model development and validation

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