A Comparative Analysis of Selected Methods for Determining Young’s Modulus in Polylactic Acid Samples Manufactured with the FDM Method

Pszczółkowski, Bartosz; Nowak, Konrad W.; Rejmer, Wojciech; Bramowicz, Mirosław; Dzadz, Łukasz; Gałęcki, Remigiusz

doi:10.3390/ma15010149

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Contrarily, in relation to the structural aspects, the minimum value of the UTS was reached by the tensile samples printed at 220 °C (UTS = 47.43 MPa) and the highest UTS value was obtained for the extrusion temperature of 230 °C (UTS = 50.41 MPa). Admitting that the tensile strength of FDM-printed samples is dependent on the degree of the print’s crystallinity, as demonstrated by [ 7 , 27 , 43 ], this non-linear variation of the UTS values may be explained by the temperature-dependent in-process modification of the samples’ crystallinity, that, for the given printing conditions, seems to play the leading role regarding the mechanical behavior of the natural PLA specimens. As pointed out by [ 27 ], there appears to be an optimal extrusion temperature for each color of the PLA filament to optimize the degree of crystallinity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Printing Temperature and the Filament Color on the Dimensional Accuracy, Tensile Strength, and Friction Performance of FFF-Printed PLA Specimens

et al. 2022

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The printing variable least addressed in previous research aiming to reveal the effect of the FFF process parameters on the printed PLA part’s quality and properties is the filament color. Moreover, the color of the PLA, as well as its manufacturer, are rarely mentioned when the experimental conditions for the printing of the samples are described, although current existing data reveal that their influence on the final characteristics of the print should not be neglected. In order to point out the importance of this influential parameter, a natural and a black-colored PLA filament, produced by the same manufacturer, were selected. The dimensional accuracy, tensile strength, and friction properties of the samples were analyzed and compared for printing temperatures ranging from 200 °C up to 240 °C. The experimental results clearly showed different characteristics depending on the polymer color of samples printed under the same conditions. Therefore, the optimization of the FFF process parameters for the 3D-printing of PLA should always start with the proper selection of the type of the PLA material, regarding both its color and the fabricant.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Printing Temperature and the Filament Color on the Dimensional Accuracy, Tensile Strength, and Friction Performance of FFF-Printed PLA Specimens

et al. 2022

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“…The temperature-dependent viscoplasticity of the examined material is described by temperaturedependent values of shear and bulk moduli, as it is depicted in Figure 7 [15,16]. The plastic behaviour of system, represented in element B was described by evolution rate of shear modulus (6).…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newly deposited layers were given the nozzle temperature at the moment of deposition, but they started to immediately cool down, with both convective heat flux and heat radiation to outer environment (14,15,16).…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defects and residual stresses Finite Element prediction of FDM 3D printed Wood/PLA biocomposite

Morvayová,

Contuzzi,

Casalino

2023

Preprint

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The rising interest amongst research community in utilizing PLA-based biocomposites for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is driven by the increasing demand for eco-friendly and cost-effective materials for various applications. While significant progress has been made in understanding the process-structure-property relationship, the intricate interconnections involved in this context remain only partially revealed. Current lack of knowledge poses challenges in achieving optimal quality and dimensional accuracy of FDM-manufactured specimens from biocomposites. Although numerous numerical models exist for simulating the FDM process, there is a distinct need for models tailored to the specific characteristics of biocomposites. This study presents a 3D coupled thermomechanical numerical model designed to predict dimensions, defect formation, residual stresses, and temperature in PLA/wood cubes produced by FDM, considering various process parameters and composite-like nature of wood-filled PLA filaments. The accuracy of the proposed numerical model was validated by comparing its results with experimental measurements of biocomposite cubes manufactured under the same process parameters. Encouragingly, the simulated dimensions showed a maximum relative error of 9.52% when compared to the experimental data, indicating a good agreement. The numerical model also successfully captured the defect formation in the manufactured cubes, demonstrating consistent correspondence with defects observed in the experimental specimens. Moreover, the study highlighted the influence of wooden additives on defect formation.

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“…The optimal cast topology is obtained by iteratively modifying the field to minimize the functional: (12) The first term represents the total deformation energy. Minimizing it reduces the stresses in the cast and the risk of the cast breaking.…”

Section: Topology Optimization Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density-Based Topological Optimization of 3D-Printed Casts for Fracture Treatment with Freefem Software

Kokars,

Krauze,

Muiznieks

et al. 2023

Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences

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3D printed plastic casts can be used for healing bone fractures. The main requirements for these cases are: they should be light, require little printing time, have good mechanical properties, and ensure proper skin ventilation. We present a density-based topology optimization algorithm for obtaining optimal cast shapes that fulfil these requirements. The algorithm uses a linear stress model and simplified boundary conditions to model the contact problems. The cast shapes were optimized against the influence of several sharp corners. The parametric studies showed that the mass of optimized casts was reduced by 20 %–25 % in comparison with original industrial casts, and the printing time is reduced by 1.4–1.7 h for the largest cast. A major model drawback is the use of 3D numerical volume to model the density distribution. The density distribution should be homogenized across the cast layer. The overhang problem should also be addressed. We also suggest that the cast producers collect more experimental data on the cast breakages for a better calibration of the numerical model.

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A Comparative Analysis of Selected Methods for Determining Young’s Modulus in Polylactic Acid Samples Manufactured with the FDM Method

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

The Influence of the Printing Temperature and the Filament Color on the Dimensional Accuracy, Tensile Strength, and Friction Performance of FFF-Printed PLA Specimens

The Influence of the Printing Temperature and the Filament Color on the Dimensional Accuracy, Tensile Strength, and Friction Performance of FFF-Printed PLA Specimens

Defects and residual stresses Finite Element prediction of FDM 3D printed Wood/PLA biocomposite

Density-Based Topological Optimization of 3D-Printed Casts for Fracture Treatment with Freefem Software

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