A Comparative Assessment of Options for Produced-Water Management in the North Sea

Ekins, Paul; Firebrace, James; Vanner, Robin

doi:10.2118/96332-ms

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Dispersed oil is made up of tiny, distinct droplets that are suspended in a liquid. Nonhydrocarbon organic substance is dissolved in water and is not a hydrocarbon [5,6]. Instead of precipitating at the seafloor, dispersed oil and droplets rise to the surface of the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Reduction in Pollutants from Oilfield Wastewater on the Receiving Environment

Owhonka

Omokaro

2022

SAJRM

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Oilfield wastewater from discharge pond and soil around the discharge pond of an oil producing vicinity were collected using standard procedures. The heavy metals and physicochemical constituents of the soil and wastewater from the receiving pond were examined according to normal procedures in compliance with the Environmental Protection Agency. The presence of negative numbers in the results indicates that there was an influence on the physicochemical parameters. It was discovered that the salinity of the soil surrounding a discharge pond was-73.80±53.20 mg/kg during the rainy season. Soil moisture content recorded a negative value of -43.77±9.477 during the rainy season. Potassium, nitrate, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, total nitrogen, organic carbon, zinc, and copper recorded negative values in both dry and raining seasons. However higher values of -2309±486.4 mg/kg for potassium, -450.3±65.30 mg/kg for phosphate, -2779±274.2 mg/kg for calcium, -717.4±80.53 mg/l for zinc were obtained during the dry season. High values of -133.4±8.937 mg/kg for nitrate, -262.6±23.27 mg/kg for magnesium, -923.7±101.1 mg/kg for sulphate, -133.3±15.09 mg/kg for total nitrogen, -2788±276.9% organic carbon, -275.7±39.28% for TOM, -3.567±9257 mg/kg for alkalinity and -114.0±77.45 mg/l for copper were obtained during the raining season. For the wastewater from the receiving pond during the dry season, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrogen, phosphate, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon recorded negative values of -4083±4.122 mg/l, -18.33±9.208 mg/l, -18.33±9.208mg/l, -70.35±39.50 mg/l, -312.9±170.7 mg/l and 617007±3.93 mg/l, respectively. High negative values during the raining season were obtained in turbidity (-17.57±94.87 NTU), TSS (-303.7±54.37 mg/l), TOC (-6276±6.294%), and total petroleum hydrocarbon (-105.1±162.1 mg/l). The heavy metals recorded high negative values of -6767±809.0 mg/l for lead, -14433±238 mg/l for chromium, -3317±2347 mg/l for copper, and -1967 ±66.67 mg/l for cadmium during the rainy season. High values obtained in the dry season were -59668±34243 mg/l for zinc and -2213±1472 mg/l for a nickel. The results suggest that oilfield wastewater impacts the receiving environment negatively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Reduction in Pollutants from Oilfield Wastewater on the Receiving Environment

Owhonka

Omokaro

2022

SAJRM

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“…The total volume of produced water, estimated for 2007 in the USA, was about 21 billion bbl which was equal to an average of 57.4 million bbl/day [4]. In 2000, discharges from the UK oil sector were estimated to be over 244 million tons of produced water [5]. Khatib and Verbeek [6] reported a world average estimate of 3 bbl of produced water for each barrel of oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation for Characterization of Produced Water Generated from Oil, Gas, and Oil–Gas Production Fields

Özgün

Erşahin

Erdem

et al. 2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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A reliable wastewater characterization is a prerequisite for the selection of an acceptable treatment strategy for produced water which exhibits significant differences due to the varied kinds of wells, seasonal changes, and formation types. A complete characterization of produced water generated from oil, gas, and oil-gas fields in Turkey was performed based on seasonal and locational variations. The results showed that the produced water generated from oil field wells was highly polluted and wastewater volume was higher in comparison to gas and oil-gas field wells. Besides, the characterization of produced water was varying in a wide range based on seasonal and locational variations. Useful relationships were observed between chloride, sodium, bromide, and total dissolved solids concentrations. The results can be used in the design, operation, and optimization of wastewater treatment systems of petroleum and oil industries for future studies.

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In-Situ Subsea Processing Technique in an IOR Project

Xiao

2017

SPE Offshore Europe Conference &Amp; Exhibition

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This paper presents a full scale subsea separation installation in the seabed, which enables separation of oil, sand and water on the sea floor, water treatment in the sea floor and in-situ injection of low sulfate and low salinity water for IOR (increased oil recovery) in the Bohai Bay oilfield. Contrary to traditional topside approaches, the seabed separation system separates water from oil and sand and cleans water in the seafloor. The system is mainly composed of separator and de-sander vessel, water treatment components, boosting components, multi-phase and water injection pumps, leakage detectors, protection components, and pipeline manifold. Production stream is circulated into the system and then water, sand, and oil are separated. Oil is pumped into the platform through multi-phase pumps. Sand is separated and injected into the dump reservoir. Water is cleaned through the membranes in the water treatment system and rejected directly into the subsea injection wells. Water quality report of the cleaned water in seabed indicates considerable low sulfate level, low chloride level and low salinity water. The membranes in the water treatment systems last a considerable long time without any degradation issues in performance. The system treats water subsea and lowers well head pressure, which increases oil production and oil recovery. The benefits also include reduction of weight and area topside, increased water separation capacity compared with conventional platform space limitations, and elimination of long injection lines and water injectors from platform. The subsea separation installation can handle up to 700 kg sand per month, which greatly boosts and extends the current IOR project. This system separates and treats water in-situ in the seabed in the Bohai Bay oilfield. This technique enables a flexible and cost effective solution for subsea IOR projects.

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A Comparative Assessment of Options for Produced-Water Management in the North Sea

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Analysis of the Reduction in Pollutants from Oilfield Wastewater on the Receiving Environment

Analysis of the Reduction in Pollutants from Oilfield Wastewater on the Receiving Environment

Comparative Evaluation for Characterization of Produced Water Generated from Oil, Gas, and Oil–Gas Production Fields

In-Situ Subsea Processing Technique in an IOR Project

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