“…It has been widely used in many industries, such as refrigeration [1][2][3], vacuum pumps [4][5], thermal compressor [6][7] and so on for its simple structure, low running cost and little maintenance. However, despite of its simple structure, the fluid flow inside is extremely complex, including trans-sonic flow, shockwaves, irreversible mixing, phase change (condensation and re-evaporation), boundary separation, etc.…”