A comparative perspective on lipid storage in animals

Birsoy, Kıvanç; Festuccia, William T.; Laplante, Mathieu

doi:10.1242/jcs.104992

Cited by 128 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 210 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…As opposed to mammals who have a single leptin gene, several fish species have several leptin gene paralogs (e.g., lepA and lepB). Also in contrast to mammals, where subcutaneous fat is the main source of leptin, fish leptin is expressed in several tissues including liver and intestine, which is consistent with the fact that fish generally store lipids in intra-abdominal regions and liver (Birsoy et al, 2013). …”

Section: Hormones Involved In Food Intakesupporting

confidence: 58%

The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Food Intake in Fish: A Review of Current Knowledge

2016

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Fish are the most diversified group of vertebrates and, although progress has been made in the past years, only relatively few fish species have been examined to date, with regards to the endocrine regulation of feeding in fish. In fish, as in mammals, feeding behavior is ultimately regulated by central effectors within feeding centers of the brain, which receive and process information from endocrine signals from both brain and peripheral tissues. Although basic endocrine mechanisms regulating feeding appear to be conserved among vertebrates, major physiological differences between fish and mammals and the diversity of fish, in particular in regard to feeding habits, digestive tract anatomy and physiology, suggest the existence of fish- and species-specific regulating mechanisms. This review provides an overview of hormones known to regulate food intake in fish, emphasizing on major hormones and the main fish groups studied to date.

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Section: Hormones Involved In Food Intakesupporting

confidence: 58%

The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Food Intake in Fish: A Review of Current Knowledge

2016

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“…Triacylglycerols (TAG) play an important role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis [1]. In mammals, TAG serves as the predominant form of energy storage in adipose tissue, and can be hydrolyzed during fasting conditions to release fatty acids for energy generation in distant tissues [2].…”

Section: Overview Of the Glycerol 3-phosphate Pathway For Lipid Symentioning

confidence: 99%

How lipid droplets “TAG” along: Glycerolipid synthetic enzymes and lipid storage

Wang

Airola

Reue

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

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Triacylglycerols (TAG) serve as the predominant form of energy storage in mammalian cells, and TAG synthesis influences conditions such as obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. In most tissues, the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway enzymes are responsible for TAG synthesis, and the regulation and function of these enzymes is therefore important for metabolic homeostasis. Here we review the sites and regulation of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), lipin/phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme action. We highlight the critical roles that these enzymes play in human health by reviewing Mendelian disorders that result from mutation in the corresponding genes. We also summarize the valuable insights that genetically engineered mouse models have provided into the cellular and physiological roles of GPATs, AGPATs, lipins and DGATs. Finally, we comment on the status and feasibility of therapeutic approaches to metabolic disease that target enzymes of the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway.

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“…The synthesis of lipids in response to energy-rich conditions is an anabolic process that is highly conserved throughout evolution (9). In mammals, the elevation in circulating amino acids and insulin following food intake drives the synthesis of phospholipids and sterols, which are required for membrane synthesis, cell growth, and cell proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of mTOR Complexes in Lipid Metabolism

2015

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The synthesis of lipids in response to food intake represents a key advantage that allows organisms to survive when energy availability is limited. In mammals, circulating levels of insulin and nutrients, which fluctuate between fasting and feeding, dictate whether lipids are synthesized or catabolized by tissues. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase that is activated by anabolic signals, plays fundamental roles in regulating lipid biosynthesis and metabolism in response to nutrition. The mTOR kinase nucleates two large protein complexes named mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Following their activation, these complexes facilitate the accumulation of triglycerides by promoting adipogenesis and lipogenesis and by shutting down catabolic processes such as lipolysis and β-oxidation. Here, we review and discuss the roles of mTOR complexes in various aspects of lipid metabolism in mammals. We also use this opportunity to discuss the implication of these relations to the maintenance of systemic lipid homeostasis.

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A comparative perspective on lipid storage in animals

Cited by 128 publications

References 210 publications

The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Food Intake in Fish: A Review of Current Knowledge

The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Food Intake in Fish: A Review of Current Knowledge

How lipid droplets “TAG” along: Glycerolipid synthetic enzymes and lipid storage

The Roles of mTOR Complexes in Lipid Metabolism

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