A Comparative Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigation of the Smear Layer after the Use of Sodium Hypochlorite Gel and Solution Forms as Root Canal Irrigants

Zand, Vahid; Lotfi, Mehrdad; Rahimi, Saeed; Mirfazaelian, Hadi; Kazemi, Ali; Sakhamanesh, Vahideh

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2010.02.033

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Smear layer removal observation with scanning electronic microscopy, as used in our work, is a common technique in these kind of studies (10,19-21). Torabinejead classification, based in a three value range (0, 1 and 2) is very similar to Rome classification, and both of them have been used in several studies (13,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High amounts of smear can be observed at low magnifications, but details as waste remnants or the entire dentinal tubules must be seen at a higher magnification. However, the disadvantage of using large magnifications is the decrease of the assessment area, and therefore the performance of very limited observations, hence the decision to use 500X for this study (10). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specimens were then metallized with a gold-palladium layer and observed with an emission field scanning electron microscopy Hitachi S-4100 at 500x. Smear layer presence was assessed through Torabinejad classification (10), in a three value scale (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smear layer removal in canals shaped with reciprocating rotary systems

2013

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The aim was to assess the presence of smear layer after canal instrumentation with two reciprocating rotary systems and a continuous motion one. Thirty canals were shaped with Reciproc, WaveOne or Mtwo systems. Smear layer was assessed following a three value scale at coronal, middle and apical levels with a scanning electron microscopy. Reciproc scores: coronal third, 20% of the cases: 0, 60%: 1, 20%: 2; middle third, 10%: 0, 20%: 1, 70%:2; apical third: 2 in all cases. WaveOne scores: coronal third, 0 (40%), 1 (30%) and 2 (30%); middle third, 0 (20%), 1 (50%), 2 (30%); apical third, 0 (20%), 2 (80%) of cases. MTwo scores: coronal third 0 (50%), 1 (30%) 2 (20%); middle third 0 (20%), 1 (50%), 2 (30%); apical third, 0 (10%), 1 (10%), 2 (80%). No significant differences (p>0.05) were found between the three used systems. Key words:Endodontics, reciprocating motion files, rotary file, SEM, smear layer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smear layer removal in canals shaped with reciprocating rotary systems

2013

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“…The primary endodontic treatment goal is root canal disinfection and prevention of re-infection of root canal system (Basmadji-Charles et al, 2002;Shahi et al, 2007;Zand et al,2010). Besides of aseptic principles like rubber dam placement and correct mechanical instrumentation, root canal irrigants are the important aspect to eradication of microbes from root canals.…”

Section: Antibacterial Agents Used In Dental Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Agents in Dental Treatments

Rahimi¹,

Milani²,

Ghasemi³

et al. 2012

Antimicrobial Agents

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“…[5] Furthermore, NaOCl has cytotoxic effect if injected into the periapical tissues, has foul smell and taste, and can cause allergic reactions. [6] Hence, the search for an effectively safe irrigating solution is still on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, maleic acid, and dimercaptosuccinic acid against the combination of these with sodium hypochlorite for removal of smear layer: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study

Meshram¹,

Sathawane

Samuel

et al. 2016

Contemp Clin Dent

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Context:The effect of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and maleic acid (MA) when used alone on smear layer has been evaluated with mixed results, but their effect when combined with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has not been studied.Aim:To compare the effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, MA, and DMSA against the combination of these with NaOCl in the removal of smear layer.Settings and Design:n = 4pq/L2q = 1 − pp = Incident rateL = Allowable errorMethods:One hundred and forty extracted, anterior teeth were radiovisiographically assessed. Access preparation was done; apical patency was established. Cleaning and shaping was accomplished using step-back technique. The specimens were randomly allocated as per the final irrigation protocol. After final irrigation, teeth were prepared for scanning electron microscope analysis, and the middle and apical thirds of radicular dentin were evaluated at ×1000 for evaluation of severity of occlusion of dentinal tubules with smear layer.Statistical Analysis:The data were statistically analyzed using the Student's t-test and kappa test.Results:For combined irrigation, 10% DMSA + NaOCl was significantly better than all other groups both in the middle third and the apical third. It was more effective in the middle third than at apical third.Conclusion:Ten percent DMSA in combination with NaOCl removes the smear layer more effectively at both the middle and apical third.

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A Comparative Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigation of the Smear Layer after the Use of Sodium Hypochlorite Gel and Solution Forms as Root Canal Irrigants

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Smear layer removal in canals shaped with reciprocating rotary systems

Smear layer removal in canals shaped with reciprocating rotary systems

Antibacterial Agents in Dental Treatments

Comparative evaluation of efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, maleic acid, and dimercaptosuccinic acid against the combination of these with sodium hypochlorite for removal of smear layer: An in vitro scanning electron microscope study

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