A comparative study of conducted electrical weapon incapacitation during a goal-directed task

Ho, Jeffrey D.; Dawes, Donald M.; Kunz, Sebastian; Satpathy, Rajesh; Klein, Lauren R.; Stang, Jamie

doi:10.1007/s12024-020-00284-7

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Comparable to earlier studies [4,5] we could con rm an effective spread of 12 in (ca. 30 cm) or greater.…”

Section: Probe Spreadsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The video analysis and evaluation of each participant was done by a quasi-blinded expert panel with signi cant volunteer exposure observational experience (thousands of human volunteer exposures). Similar to our previous studies [4,5], each exposure was rated for level of goal achievement and limb muscular capture (table. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, we have established a quantitative methodology to assess the incapacitation effectiveness of a CEW exposure in humans [4,5]. An important element of our methodology was its goal-directed nature in which highly motivated test subjects are instructed to advance towards a target while being exposed to CEW waveforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of a new generation CEW in human subjects with a goal directed task

Kunz,

Ho,

Dawes

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Conducted Electrical Weapons (CEWs) have been used by law enforcement agencies worldwide to control and restrain potentially violent persons. As new generations of these weapons are developed, effectiveness and safety need to be evaluated. The new TASER 10 uses an independently targeted probe scheme with floating polarities so that any two probes can form a connection. This is in contrast to older generation weapons, which used paired probes with fixed take-off angles. The expectation is with 10 shots and independent targeting, the weapon will have a greater effectiveness. In this pilot study, we used our previously published, standardized methodology for measurement of CEW effectiveness on motivated human volunteers for several objectives: 1) to directly compare the effectiveness of the waveform on human subjects to an older generation weapon (the TASER 7), 2) to more broadly compare it to historic controls and 3) to look at various configurations to determine effectiveness of these configurations. The task at hand was to reach a suspended martial arts dummy 12 ft (3.65 m) away while being exposed (under power) to the electrical waveform of the TASER devices in various dart configurations. Several intervention groups were examined. We used video review with our standard methodology to rate goal achievement and limb capture. The results demonstrate that the TASER 10 has similar ability to induce neuromuscular incapacitation as the TASER 7. Additionally, the ability of the TASER 10 to place multiple darts on a specific target area to create the desired probe spread is a technological advantage over previous models, making it potentially more effective in the field.

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“…Comparable to earlier studies [4,5] we could con rm an effective spread of 12 in (ca. 30 cm) or greater.…”

Section: Probe Spreadsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of a new generation CEW in human subjects with a goal directed task

Kunz,

Ho,

Dawes

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Der Ursprung von Elektroschockgeräten liegt in der Landwirtschaft. Das Grundprinzip des Elektrozauns, durch elektrisch ausgelöste Schmerzreize ein [9] und gesundheitlichen Risiken [10].…”

Section: Elektroschockdistanzwaffenunclassified

Elektroschockdistanzwaffen Taser® X2 und T7

Kunz

Krys

2020

Notfall Rettungsmed

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Zusammenfassung Die medizinische Beurteilung von Verletzungen und potenzieller todesursächlicher Relevanz einer Stromexposition durch eine Elektroschockdistanzwaffe beschränkt sich nicht allein auf die situativen Gegebenheiten und die morphologische Befunderhebung, sondern beinhaltet auch eine intensive Analyse polizeilicher Ermittlungen und die Auswertung von Zeugenaussagen sowie vorangegangener medizinischer Maßnahmen. Insbesondere bei zeitlich relevanter Nähe zwischen Exposition und Todeseintritt muss die Wirkung der übertragenen Stromimpulse in Zusammenhang mit der meist komplexen Einsatzsituation und der medizinischen Vorgeschichte des Geschädigten beurteilt werden. Ein detailliertes Wissen über die konkrete und auch abstrakte Wirkungsweise, Wirksamkeit und Risiken von Elektroschockdistanzwaffen ist hierfür unabdingbar.

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“…By design, the prongs spread after firing, and they need a minimum distance to ensure maximum effectiveness. A minimum 12-inch spread is recommended for maximum effect (AXON Enterprise, 2019; Ho et al, 2012; Ho et al, 2020). The best effect results when the area between the probes encompasses a large muscle group or more than one muscle group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal officer involved shootings following the use of TASER conducted energy weapons

Williams

Reinhard

Oriola

2021

The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles

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This study investigates the risks and causes of fatal officer involved shootings (OIS) following ineffective applications of TASER conducted energy weapons (CEWs). Content analysis of open-source records resulted in quantitative and qualitative characteristics and conditions associated with the ineffective application of CEWs resulting in fatal OIS. Research and field-use data indicate that CEWs were ineffective in as many as 47% of applications. From 1985 through 2020, 1349 fatal OIS followed ineffective applications of CEWs in the United States. Officers were more likely first to use CEWs to subdue minority suspects before fatally shooting them than they were with White suspects. In 14 instances since 2004, suspects shot and killed 16 law enforcement officers following ineffective applications of CEWs. The policy implications of the findings are articulated. This is the first study to examine the use of deadly force following the ineffective use of TASER technology.

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A comparative study of conducted electrical weapon incapacitation during a goal-directed task

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Effectiveness of a new generation CEW in human subjects with a goal directed task

Effectiveness of a new generation CEW in human subjects with a goal directed task

Elektroschockdistanzwaffen Taser® X2 und T7

Fatal officer involved shootings following the use of TASER conducted energy weapons

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