A comparative study of cow dung compost, goat pellets, poultry waste manure and plant debris for thermophilic, thermotolerant and mesophilic microflora with some new reports from Pakistan

Abstract

Isolations from the cow dung, goat pellets, poultry waste manure and plant debris samples yielded 44 fungal and 15 bacterial species. The isolated fungi included 13 mesophilic, 11 thermotolerant and 20 thermophilic species. Similarly, six mesophilic, five thermotolerant, and four thermophilic bacteria were isolated. Of these, three species of fungi viz., Annelophora africana, Conidiobolus thermophilus and Haplotrichum croceum appeared to be new records from Pakistan, not hitherto reported. The highest percentage of thermophilic fungi and bacteria occurred in cow dung followed by goat pellet, poultry waste and plant debris in descending order. Similarly, highest percentage of thermotolerant fungi and bacteria occurred in goat pellet followed by poultry waste, cow dung and plant debris, respectively. The highest percentage of mesophilic fungi and bacteria occurred in plant debris followed by poultry waste, goat pellet and cow dung. The growth of thermophilic fungi was better on yeast starch agar (YSA) as compared to potato sucrose agar (PSA) medium. However, the thermotolerant fungi showed better growth on PSA medium. Among the mesophilic fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium dipodomyis, Stachybotrys chartarum and Syncephalastrum racemosum showed better growth on YSA medium, whereas, PSA was more suitable for the remaining mesophilic fungi. The optimal temperature for growth of the mesophilic microorganisms was 28°C whereas thermotolerant and thermophilic microorganisms grew best at 40 and 50°C, respectively.

Compost Fungi Allow for Effective Dispersal of Putative PGP Bacteria

“…The high content of lignocellulosic material in plant derived compost favors growth of saprotrophic mycelial fungi, which, by exerting selective pressure, also allow for targeted bacterial communities in their hyphosphere. Aerobic degradation of cellulose and lignin is widespread among compost decomposing fungi (e.g., such as Aspergillus and Mucor [51,52]) while cellulose degradation by soil bacterial species such as Bacillus, or Pseudomonas (i.e., genera also found in our study) have been described [53]. In contrast, fungi were not isolated from BS samples.…”

“…As an example, genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas are commonly present in bacterial community added to soil with compost application [4,[56][57][58] however these bacteria often fail to colonize the plant rhizosphere as they fail to compete with the native microbial community due to insufficient access to immobilized ressources pores or poor displacement capability in vadose environments [59]. Filamentous compost fungi such as Aspergillus and Mucor may play a fundamental role [51,52] as conduits for efficient colonization of roots and soil habitats or the access to soil nutrients [7,18]. For instance, co-inoculation of biocontrol bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens with arbuscular mycorrhizal Glomus mosseae demonstrated that P. fluorescens enabled better mycorrhizal colonization of roots of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) [60].…”

Isolasi dan Kelimpahan Cendawan dan Cendawan Pelarut Fosfat pada Pengomposan Serbuk Gergaji dan Sekam Bakar dengan Jenis Kotoran Ternak yang Berbeda

“…Ruangcharus et al (2021) juga menyatakan bahwa kompos kotoran ternak dapat berasal dari kotoran ayam, sapi dan babi. Kompos dapat dibuat berbahan dasar kotoran sapi, kotoran unggas, kotoran kambing, dan sisa-sisa tanaman (Noreen et al, 2019). Pengomposan bahan organik yang mengandung senyawa lignocellulosic pada jerami padi, gandum, jagung dapat dikombinasikan dengan kotoran sapi, unggas dan babi (Greff et al, 2022).…”

Cantenna Adjustment with 1x6 Woodpile Shaped EBG for Application in Goat Manure Moisture Content and Bulk Density Monitoring

“…Raising goats is very easy as they are small and easy to manage, take up less space, and there are many species to choose from. From the foregoing, a group of researchers has developed goat manure to be more efficient and more effective [1][2][3][4][5]. Nonetheless, there are still problems in measuring the moisture content and bulk density of goat manure, which both must be of appropriate values for the efficient use in growing plants.…”