Isolations from the cow dung, goat pellets, poultry waste manure and plant debris samples yielded 44 fungal and 15 bacterial species. The isolated fungi included 13 mesophilic, 11 thermotolerant and 20 thermophilic species. Similarly, six mesophilic, five thermotolerant, and four thermophilic bacteria were isolated. Of these, three species of fungi viz., Annelophora africana, Conidiobolus thermophilus and Haplotrichum croceum appeared to be new records from Pakistan, not hitherto reported. The highest percentage of thermophilic fungi and bacteria occurred in cow dung followed by goat pellet, poultry waste and plant debris in descending order. Similarly, highest percentage of thermotolerant fungi and bacteria occurred in goat pellet followed by poultry waste, cow dung and plant debris, respectively. The highest percentage of mesophilic fungi and bacteria occurred in plant debris followed by poultry waste, goat pellet and cow dung. The growth of thermophilic fungi was better on yeast starch agar (YSA) as compared to potato sucrose agar (PSA) medium. However, the thermotolerant fungi showed better growth on PSA medium. Among the mesophilic fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium dipodomyis, Stachybotrys chartarum and Syncephalastrum racemosum showed better growth on YSA medium, whereas, PSA was more suitable for the remaining mesophilic fungi. The optimal temperature for growth of the mesophilic microorganisms was 28°C whereas thermotolerant and thermophilic microorganisms grew best at 40 and 50°C, respectively.

The root-infecting fungi can be controlled by pelleting seeds with biocontrol agents as it is safe and effective method. Additionally, plant growth was promoted more by this method. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Objective: The study was conducted to assess the maternal health related quality of life and its affecting factors in postpartum period. Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in a tertiary care hospital, Rawalpindi, from Mar to Jun 2019.Methodology: By using non-probability purposive sampling technique, sample of 268 women in post-partum period were interviewed. A validated short form-36 (SF-36) Questionnaire was administered to women aged 15-49 years, who had spontaneous vaginal delivery or cesarean section, and were within six weeks up to six months of postpartum period. Data was analyzed by using SPSS-22. A p-value of ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Highest median scores were reported in physical functioning 75 (55, 90) and social functioning 75 (75, 62). Lowest median scores were reported in energy fatigue 37 (31, 50) body pain 45 (22, 62) and general health 45 (30, 60). Health-related quality of life scores showed significant difference (p-value <0.05) among subgroups of time since delivery, mode of delivery, education of women, husband’s education and antenatal visits. Conclusion: The study showed that health related quality of life score of postpartum women was moderately affected; where in physical and social functioning domains strongly contributes in better quality of life. Energy/fatigue, body pain and general health are the weakest domains adversely affecting quality of life. Women in subacute postpartum phase, with cesarean section, lower educational status and less than 04 antenatal visits are associated with poorer HRQOL.