A comparative study of Cu–Ni Alloy using LIBS, LA-TOF, EDX, and XRF

Abstract

LASER induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used for the quantitative analysis of Cu–Ni alloy of known composition (75% Cu, 25% Ni) using the one line calibration free-LIBS (OLCF-LIBS), self-calibration-LIBS (SC-LIBS), calibration free LIBS (CF-LIBS), time of flight-mass spectroscopy (TOF-MS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). For the LIBS-based studies, the plasma was generated by focusing the beam of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, pulse energy about 200 mJ, 5 ns pulse duration) while the sample was placed in air at an atmospheric pressure. Plasma temperature about (9500 ± 300) K was calculated by the Boltzmann plot method using the neutral lines of Cu and Ni whereas the electron number density was calculated (2.0 ± 0.5) × 1016 cm−3 from the Stark broadening of an isolated Cu line as well as using the relative intensities of the neutral and singly ionized optically thin lines in the Saha–Boltzmann equation. The elemental compositions determined by different LIBS methods and standard techniques are; OLCF-LIBS (69% Cu and 31% Ni), SC-LIBS (72% Cu and 28% Ni), CF-LIBS (74% Cu and 26% Ni), TOF (74% Cu and 26% Ni), EDX (75% Cu and 24.5% Ni), XRF (73% Cu and 24.7% Ni), and LA-TOF (74% Cu and 26% Ni). It is demonstrated that the CF-LIBS method gives compositions comparable with that determined by LA-TOF, EDX, or XRF, which is also in agreement with the certified reported composition.

Calibration Free Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) as a tool for Quantitative Elemental Analysis of Iraqi Cement

“…The electron density was also determined by employing Saha-Boltzmann that relates the number density of a particular element in the two consecutive charged states as following [19]:…”

Quantitative analysis of a brass alloy using CF-LIBS and a laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometer

“…A compositional analysis of the Cu-Zn alloy was also performed using the LA-TOF-MS and EDX techniques. The spectrum acquired with the TOF-MS, a one-metre linear system [5,33] is shown in figure 5. From the observed ion signals, the elemental composition was determined from the integrated line intensity as: Cu (62%) and Zn (38%).…”

“…Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique that is extensively used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of different materials and samples of specific interests [1][2][3][4][5]. In this technique, a high power laser beam is focused on the surface of any material that ablates a fraction of the material and produces a plasma plume that contains neutral atoms, ions and electrons.…”

Characteristics of laser induced breakdown investigated by a compact, nongated optical multichannel analyzer system and its potential application

“…The wide-ranging wavelength coverage is also very useful for identifying samples, especially those of complex matrices, such as environmental and geological samples. In fact, LIBS with a high spectral resolution OMA system can reveal complicated emission spectra from environmental and geological samples [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12].…”

“…This circumstance makes it difficult to perform a LIBS analysis using the ungated, compact OMA system in such a limited condition. Although it does not have a gating system, the compact OMA system has a wide wavelength coverage that promises very useful applications for the characterization, identification, and classification of various samples [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. To date, the LIBS studies using a compact OMA system have mostly addressed practical applications [13,14,15].…”