A comparative study of linear measurements on facial skeleton with frontal and lateral cephalogram

Abstract

Objective:To compare the accuracy of linear measurements on lateral and frontal cephalograms with gold standard skull measurements.Materials and Methods:Based on the specific criteria including reliable occlusion and condyles fitting in glenoid fossa, 15 dry human skulls were selected from a larger collection. Lateral and frontal cephalograms were taken of each skull by standardized methods. Steel ball bearings were used to identify the anatomic landmarks. Linear measurements in midsagittal plane were made on all three records. Intraclass correlation coefficients, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression constant were calculated to assess the records simultaneously.Results:The frontal cephalometric measurements showed high correlation to the direct skull measurements (Pearson's coefficient 0.943<r<0.998)Conclusions:The linear measurements of the lateral cephalometric record are greater than the corresponding frontal cephalometric images. The overall findings of the present study showed that the frontal cephalometric measurements are closely related to the direct skull measures.

Patterns of adenoid and tonsil growth in Japanese children and adolescents: A longitudinal study

“…Cephalometric radiography is a routine examination in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment; hence, the patients in this study did not require additional radiological exposure. Standardised lateral cephalometric radiographs are highly reproducible because the source-to-subject-to-film distances remain fixed, and it is possible to calculate the subject size from the magnification of the film 36 – 38 . A previous study reported that evaluation of the 2-dimensional upper airway area by lateral cephalometric analysis correlates well with the 3-dimensional upper airway assessment, and it can be used as a screening test to predict the airway volume by computed tomography 39 .…”

“…For the measurement of Ad and Tn, all cephalometric radiographs were obtained using the commonly used international standard settings 36 – 38 , 40 . All cephalometric radiographs were obtained with the head positioned in a cephalostat, with the head fixed with the ear rods, and patient’s Frankfurt plane set to be parallel to the floor.…”

Differential changes in the adenoids and tonsils in Japanese children and teenagers: a cross-sectional study

“…Cephalometric radiographs have been shown to yield highly reproducible data in many orthodontic studies 24 – 26 . Since both the source-to-subject and subject-to-film distances are always fixed, it is possible to calculate the magnification of the subject projected on the film in a precise manner 27 – 29 . It is also possible to correct the actual measured value with radiographic image magnification.…”

“…All cephalometric radiographs were taken according to the internationally popular settings 27 – 29 , 31 . When taking a cephalometric radiograph, the patient’s head was fixed with ear rods, and the Frankfurt plane was set to be parallel to the floor.…”

Effects of Occlusal Contact on Maxillary Alveolar Bone Morphology in Patients with and without Anterior Open Bite: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Using dental casts, the overbite was measured as the distance (in mm) between the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular incisors, perpendicular to the occlusal plane. Lateral cephalometric radiographs (Hyper-X, ASAHI., Tokyo, Japan) were used to measure the cephalometric variables [ 25 , 26 ]. The skeletal relationship was evaluated with the angle formed by the nasion-point A line and nasion-point B line (ANB angle); the facial pattern with the angle formed by the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane and mandibular plane (MPA); and the angle formed by the sella-nasion line and gonion-gnathion line (SN-GoGn angle).…”