A comparative study of POSS as synergists with zinc phosphinates for PET fire retardancy

Intumescence: Tradition versus novelty. A comprehensive review

“…namely, octamethyl-, poly(vinylsilsesquioxane)-and dodecaphenyl-POSS (OMPOSS, FRPOSS and DPPOSS, respectively) [254]. It was demonstrated that the incorporation of 10wt.-% of OP950 reduced the PHRR as expected (approximately 25%), and that the addition of a POSS (regardless of the type) in the composites to 1wt.-% shows greater PHRR decrease (>45%).…”

“…However, a certain amount of IFR loading is necessary to obtain a for EVA/IFR composites [247] or by increasing vinyl acetate content [248]. to pursue that route in the case of PET fibers [254] and fibrous materials [255], and to replace the zinc with aluminium phosphinate [256]. In their first study, three different POSS have been explored:…”

“…Triazine derivative containing chemical groups of hydroxyethylamino, triazine rings and ethylenediamine [220] Triazine-containing macromolecules [222] 3,9-Bis-(1-oxo-2,6,7-trioxa- Poly(p-ethylene terephthalamide) [227] Ionic liquid containing phosphorus ([PCMIM]Cl) [228] Poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide) [230] Triazine-based macromolecule [231] M a n u s c r i p t M a n u s c r i p t [17,252] OP950 + sepiolite PET plastics and fibres [253] OP950 + OMPOSS or DPPOSS or FRPOSS PET plastics [254] OP950 + OMPOSS PET fibres [255] Aluminium phosphinate + OMPOSS or DPPOSS PET fibres [256] HEDP/AMS PET fibres [257 ] poly(2-hydroxy propylene spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate) PET fibres [258,259] HNCP PET plastics [260] DPSPB + PDMN + OMMT PET plastics [261] EG + MMT PET plastics and fibres [129] M a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t Table 21 Combustion data by Jimenez et al [355] Sample LOI [%]…”

Analysis of flammability and smoke emission of rigid polyurethane foams modified with nanoparticles and halogen-free fire retardants

“…These results are contrary to those described by Didane et al [35]. The authors reported the results for flammability testing of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using a 9 mass% of flame retardant agent based on the zinc phosphinate, and three types of POSS, which have referred to the unmodified PET and PET with 10 mass% a/m retardant.…”

Influence of silica nanoparticles combined with zinc phosphinate on flame retardant properties of PET

“…To realize it, three different approaches can be considered, i.e. (i) the incorporation of flame retardant (FR) additive (s) in the polymer melt or in solution prior to its extrusion such as phosphinate compounds that bring a permanent flame retardancy or also microcapsules; (ii) the use of a specific surface treatment with a semi‐durable or durable finishing, such as chemical grafting of FR molecules to the macromolecular chains, coating, sol–gel process, layer‐by‐layer and so on; (iii) or also use inherently flame retarded fiber . Moreover, the flame retardancy can also be endowed by incorporating phosphorus entities or arylene‐ether units into the main chain.…”