A comparative study of ripening among berries of the grape cluster reveals an altered transcriptional programme and enhanced ripening rate in delayed berries

Gouthu, Satyanarayana; O’Neil, Shawn T.; Di, Yanming; Ansarolia, Mitra; Megraw, Molly; Deluc, Laurent G.

doi:10.1093/jxb/eru329

Cited by 60 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The variation in TSS throughout ripening of up to 5°Brix in Shiraz and around 3°Brix in Merlot highlights the large variation of post‐veraison berry ripening within a vineyard. Such heterogeneity of ripening berries even within one bunch can introduce considerable bias in molecular studies and other studies (Gouthu et al , Rienth et al , , Carbonell‐Bejerano et al ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results in this study it cannot be concluded if the observed differences in TSS are because of a phenological shift of berries passing through veraison at different times, or if each berry goes through the ripening period at a different speed. To our knowledge, only one study has examined this problem systematically using a transcriptomic approach (Gouthu et al ). Their data led the authors to hypothesise that some berries lagged behind because of a phenological delay at veraison but that this was followed by a subsequent enhanced rate of ripening allowing these berries to ‘catch up’ with the others.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of drying on tartaric acid and malic acid in Shiraz and Merlot berries

Rösti

Schumann

Cléroux³

et al. 2018

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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Background and Aims Grape berries are dried to concentrate sugar and aroma compounds to produce specific wine styles. This work aimed to characterise biochemical changes during drying of two different cultivars, considering in particular tartaric acid and malic acid evolution. Methods and Results Shiraz and Merlot grapes were dried at nine, 15, 21 and 27°C and berries were sampled every 2 to 3 days and sorted by density using NaCl solutions to account for berry heterogeneity. Mass loss of up to 45%, increase in sugar concentration of 71% and decrease in malic acid concentration of 64% were observed. The TA declined by up to 49%. Conclusion The decline in tartaric acid could be explained by enhanced potassium hydrogen tartrate precipitation inside the berry or during sampling. Significance of the Study The tartaric acid precipitation causes important analytical biases in physiological experiments. This study illustrates that common analytical methods are often inappropriate and are the reason for inconsistent tartaric acid values in many studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of drying on tartaric acid and malic acid in Shiraz and Merlot berries

Rösti

Schumann

Cléroux³

et al. 2018

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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“…As a nonclimacteric fruit, grape development proceeds in two successive growth stages consisting of berry formation and ripening, separated by a lag phase (Figure 3; 33), and involves asynchronous ripening of individual berries within clusters during véraison and a transition from asynchrony to synchrony of clusters during post-véraison (55). Thus, the dynamics of compatible host-virus interactions at different tropic levels could be much more complex in long-living, clonally propagated grapevines due to chronic infections, tissue-specific expression patterns, species and cultivar level differences, and the influence of superimposing biotic and environmental variables during the crop season (96).…”

Section: Grapevine As a Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grapevine Leafroll Disease and Associated Viruses: A Unique Pathosystem

Naidu

Maree

Burger

2015

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

107

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Grapevine leafroll is the most complex and intriguing viral disease of grapevine (Vitis spp.). Several monopartite closteroviruses (family Closteroviridae) from grapevines have been molecularly characterized, yet their role in disease etiology is not completely resolved. Hence, these viruses are currently designated under the umbrella term of Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). This review examines our current understanding of the genetically divergent GLRaVs and highlights the emerging picture of several unique aspects of the leafroll disease pathosystem. A systems biology approach using contemporary technologies in molecular biology, -omics, and cell biology aids in exploring the comparative molecular biology of GLRaVs and deciphering the complex network of host-virus-vector interactions to bridge the gap between genomics and phenomics of leafroll disease. In addition, grapevine-infecting closteroviruses have a great potential as designer viruses to pursue functional genomics and for the rational design of novel disease intervention strategies in this agriculturally important perennial fruit crop.

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“…Genes associated to cell rescue, defense, death and aging were upregulated [19]. However, berry sampling in the latter study did not consider intra-cluster berry heterogeneity of ripening grapes [20] and/or the phenological shift generally caused by virus infections, which can introduce important biases in molecular studies and mask direct virus related transcriptomic effects [21][22][23]. For example, in the study of Vega et al (2011) [19], berry samples were drawn at 4 weeks' intervals throughout fruit development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single berry sampling reveals novel insights into transcriptomic changes induced by leafroll virus infections in grapevine (V. vinifera)

Ghaffari¹,

Reynard²,

Rienth³

2020

Preprint

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Background Grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV), the causing agents of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) are amongst the most devastating graft and vector transmitted pathogens in viticulture and responsible for important economic losses in the wine industry. Reported fruit alterations caused by GLD consist in a delay of ripening, a reduction in anthocyanins, aroma compounds and sugar concentration. The molecular interactions underlying the quality deteriorating effects are not well understood so far. The few conducted molecular studies on infected berries did associate the lack of anthocyanin and sugar content with a repression of key genes of the respective pathways. However, sampling protocols in such studies never accounted for berry heterogeneity and potential virus induced phenological shifts. Thus, such commonly used sampling strategies could have introduced unquantifiable biases in gene expression studies which would impede the discovery of novel molecular information. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-1&3 infections on berry physiology of Pinot Noir vines. Berries of different treatments were individually sampled and analyzed for sugar and organic acids. According to this biochemical analysis 2 homogenous stages were reconstituted to circumvent berry heterogeneity and compensate for virus induced phenological shifts. RNA of 18 reconstituted samples (2 stages and 3 treatments) was extracted, sequenced and analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results A total of 2136 transcripts were modulated by GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-1&3 infections. Interestingly the transcriptome of the early ripening berry was much more affected as the later ripening stage. Several pathways related to abiotic and biotic stress, defense mechanism as well as plant immunity showed a virus-induced upregulation in dependence to ripening stage and infection severity. Surprisingly, the previously reported repression of anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar metabolism could not be confirmed by gene expression. This illustrates that the main damaging effect on GLRaV infection is rather related to a phenological shift than to a direct impact on metabolism. Conclusions The here reported results give new insight in the mechanism of leafroll infection and emphasize the importance of the sampling protocol of molecular studies investigating berry metabolism.

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A comparative study of ripening among berries of the grape cluster reveals an altered transcriptional programme and enhanced ripening rate in delayed berries

Abstract: SummaryThe developmental programme of grape berries within a cluster is coordinated to synchronize their ripening. Altered transcriptional events and metabolite accumulation are responsible for the differential progress of ripening.

Cited by 60 publications

References 63 publications

Effect of drying on tartaric acid and malic acid in Shiraz and Merlot berries

Effect of drying on tartaric acid and malic acid in Shiraz and Merlot berries

Grapevine Leafroll Disease and Associated Viruses: A Unique Pathosystem

Single berry sampling reveals novel insights into transcriptomic changes induced by leafroll virus infections in grapevine (V. vinifera)

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