A comparative study of the genetic bases of natural variation in tomato leaf, sepal, and petal morphology

Frary, Amy; Fritz, Lisa A.; Tanksley, Steven D.

doi:10.1007/s00122-004-1669-x

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In agreement with previous comparative QTL mapping studies for leaf and floral traits (Frary et al, 2004;Juenger et al, 2005), the single leaf-size QTL we detected did not overlap with any of the loci found to influence petal growth. Also, there was no genetic correlation between leaf and petal size in our population.…”

Section: Genetics Of Selfing-syndrome Traitssupporting

confidence: 92%

Genetics, Evolution, and Adaptive Significance of the Selfing Syndrome in the GenusCapsella

et al. 2011

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The change from outbreeding to selfing is one of the most frequent evolutionary transitions in flowering plants. It is often accompanied by characteristic morphological and functional changes to the flowers (the selfing syndrome), including reduced flower size and opening. Little is known about the developmental and genetic basis of the selfing syndrome, as well as its adaptive significance. Here, we address these issues using the two closely related species Capsella grandiflora (the ancestral outbreeder) and red shepherd's purse (Capsella rubella, the derived selfer). In C. rubella, petal size has been decreased by shortening the period of proliferative growth. Using interspecific recombinant inbred lines, we show that differences in petal size and flower opening between the two species each have a complex genetic basis involving allelic differences at multiple loci. An intraspecific cross within C. rubella suggests that flower size and opening have been decreased in the C. rubella lineage before its extensive geographical spread. Lastly, by generating plants that likely resemble the earliest ancestors of the C. rubella lineage, we provide evidence that evolution of the selfing syndrome was at least partly driven by selection for efficient self-pollination. Thus, our studies pave the way for a molecular dissection of selfingsyndrome evolution.

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Section: Genetics Of Selfing-syndrome Traitssupporting

confidence: 92%

Genetics, Evolution, and Adaptive Significance of the Selfing Syndrome in the GenusCapsella

et al. 2011

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“…The analysis of natural variation in a recombinant inbred line built from A. majus and the wild species A. charidemi shows that several QTL controlling floral size are specific for the flower, confirming a partial separation of vegetative and reproductive control (A. Hudson personal communication). A recent survey of QTL controlling leaf, sepal and petal size in tomato has shown that there is no overlap between QTL controlling the same trait in different organs (Frary et al, 2004). These results seem to be also true in Arabidopsis where a comparison of QTL affecting leaf and floral development have found eleven QTL that affect only one of the organs and two that have pleiotropic effects (Juenger et al, 2005).…”

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confidence: 91%

Genetic control of floral size and proportions

2005

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Floral size is an ecologically important trait related to pollination success and genetic fitness. Independently of the sexual reproduction strategy, in many plants, floral size seems to be controlled by several genetic programs that are to some extent independent of vegetative growth. Flower size seems to be governed by at least two independent mechanisms, one controlling floral architecture that affects organ number and a second one controlling floral organ size. Different organ-dependent growth control may account for the final proportions of a flower as a whole. Genes controlling floral organ identity, floral symmetry and organ polarity as well as auxin and gibberellin response, also play a role in establishing the final size and architecture of the flower. The final size of an organ seems to be controlled by a systemic signal that might in some cases overcome transgenic modifications of cell division and expansion. Nevertheless, modification of basic processes like cell wall deposition might produce important changes in the floral organs. The coordination of the direction of cell division and expansion by unknown mechanisms poses a challenge for future research. KEY WORDS: floral meristem, cell cycle, systemic signal, floral patterning, floral architectureThe final shape and body size of multicellular organisms is the result of a genetic program and the influence of environmental conditions. In animals and plants the intrinsic growth rate is modulated by nutrient availability that determines the final size of the organism. In animals, both body size and longevity are to some extent controlled by the insulin pathway that is in itself dependent on nutrient conditions (Nijhout, 2003). But one important difference between plants and animals is that in plants, the formation of the different organs happens after embryonic development, thus not only organ or body size is influenced by environmental clues but also the types of organs produced. Our understanding of the way final plant size is achieved has been obtained using two different approaches: physiologists have tried to understand the roles of the so called plant growth regulators and environmental signals on plant development whereas geneticists have concentrated their efforts in finding mutants, genes or natural variation affecting growth in any of its forms. Although these two research lines appear separate, the reality is that they have been linked by an enormous amount of work done by plant breeders studying gene and environment interactions on agricultural traits that are related to growth, like yield, fruit size, biomass production etc. The efforts done in the model system Arabidopsis have helped to bring together the more basic approaches since mutations affected in plant growth regulator synthesis, degradation and Int. J. Dev. Biol. 49: 513-525 (2005) Which are the mechanisms that control the final size of an organism is a question without a clear answer yet. There are two basic processes that could contribute to its control: cell divis...

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“…Such phenotypes are associated with water use efficiency and thermoregulation, traits important to yield (Nicotra et al, 2011;Chitwood et al, 2012a). Studies examining leaf morphology are often limited to analyses of size, dimensions of length and width, and complexity (Jiang et al, 2000;Pérez-Pérez et al, 2002;Holtan and Hake, 2003;Frary et al, 2004). Recently, a genome-wide association study using the maize (Zea mays) nested association mapping population identified liguleless genes as regulators of upright leaf angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Genetic Basis for Leaf Morphology in a Set of Precisely Defined Tomato Introgression Lines

et al. 2013

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Introgression lines (ILs), in which genetic material from wild tomato species is introgressed into a domesticated background, have been used extensively in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) improvement. Here, we genotype an IL population derived from the wild desert tomato Solanum pennellii at ultrahigh density, providing the exact gene content harbored by each line. To take advantage of this information, we determine IL phenotypes for a suite of vegetative traits, ranging from leaf complexity, shape, and size to cellular traits, such as stomatal density and epidermal cell phenotypes. Elliptical Fourier descriptors on leaflet outlines provide a global analysis of highly heritable, intricate aspects of leaf morphology. We also demonstrate constraints between leaflet size and leaf complexity, pavement cell size, and stomatal density and show independent segregation of traits previously assumed to be genetically coregulated. Meta-analysis of previously measured traits in the ILs shows an unexpected relationship between leaf morphology and fruit sugar levels, which RNA-Seq data suggest may be attributable to genetically coregulated changes in fruit morphology or the impact of leaf shape on photosynthesis. Together, our results both improve upon the utility of an important genetic resource and attest to a complex, genetic basis for differences in leaf morphology between natural populations.

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A comparative study of the genetic bases of natural variation in tomato leaf, sepal, and petal morphology

Cited by 61 publications

References 43 publications

Genetics, Evolution, and Adaptive Significance of the Selfing Syndrome in the GenusCapsella

Genetics, Evolution, and Adaptive Significance of the Selfing Syndrome in the GenusCapsella

Genetic control of floral size and proportions

A Quantitative Genetic Basis for Leaf Morphology in a Set of Precisely Defined Tomato Introgression Lines

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