A comparative study of the gut microbiome in Egyptian patients with Type I and Type II diabetes

Abstract

Introduction Diabetes remains a growing public health concern in Egypt, as prevalence of Type II diabetes (TIID) has nearly tripled there in the last two decades. Egypt was ranked ninth worldwide in number of diabetes cases, with prevalence of 15.56% among adults. Recent studies have proposed that disturbance of gut microbiota could influence TIID development and indicated associations between a reduced diversity in microbiomes and Type I diabetes (TID). In the present study, we investigated the composition and abundance of the bacterial microbiome in disease state (TID and TIID) of Egyptian patients. Our goal in this study was to characterize features of the gut microbiota and possible differences associated with TID and TIID in this population. Methods DNA was extracted from fecal samples taken from 22 TID and 18 TIID outpatients of Al-Hussein hospital, Cairo, Egypt. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial taxa and these reads were processed using the software mothur with analysis utilizing packages vegan, phyloseq and metagenomSeq in R. Results and conclusions Our results highlighted a significant increase in abundance of Gram negative, potentially opportunistic pathogenic taxa (Pseudomonas, Prevotella) in all diabetic groups, compared to the control. Lipopolysccharide (LPS), a component of the gram-negative bacterial wall, can activate local immune response and may result in low-grade systemic inflammation contributing to insulin resistance. The gram-positive Gemella, which is associated with increased risk to diabetes, also had a significant increase in abundance in all diabetic groups, compared to the control. In contrast, the commensal bacterial taxa Turicibacter, Terrisporobacter and Clostridium were found to be more abundant in the control group than

Gut Microbiome-Based Diagnostic Model to Predict Diabetes Mellitus

“…In this study, the researchers attributed this effect to lipopolysaccharide, which is a component of the gram-negative bacterial wall. It can activate the local immune response and may cause low-grade systemic inflammation, leading to insulin resistance and affecting the occurrence and development of diabetes [ 31 ]. In addition to the genera mentioned above, the genera Dialister, Butyricimonas and Gemmiger were shown in the random forest model of the diabetes group.…”

16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of gut microbiome in a mini‐pig diabetes model

“…Various reports indicate that gut microbiota imbalance has an important function in diabetes 8–10 . Rodent animals, especially mouse, are the most commonly used animal models.…”

“…7 Nowadays, accumulating evidence has revealed the critical role of the intestinal microbiome in the development of diabetes. [8][9][10][11] Gut microbial dysbiosis can lead to metabolic endotoxemia, intestinal hyperpermeability, and low-grade inflammation, which are closely related to diabetes. 12,13 Mice have been used frequently in gut-microbiota-related research, though there are some gene-level differences in gut metagenomes between mouse and human.…”

“…Nowadays, accumulating evidence has revealed the critical role of the intestinal microbiome in the development of diabetes 8–11 . Gut microbial dysbiosis can lead to metabolic endotoxemia, intestinal hyperpermeability, and low‐grade inflammation, which are closely related to diabetes 12,13 .…”

“…[8][9][10] Rodent animals, especially mouse, are the most commonly used animal models.Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the top 2 phyla gut microbiota in both human F I G U R E 1 Clinical characteristics of the chow and DM groups. (A) Body weight.…”