A Comparative Study of Valsalva Maneuver, Lidocaine, and Valsalva Maneuvers with Administration of Lidocaine to Reduce the Pain Associated with Administration of Etomidate During General Anesthesia

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study is a comparison of Valsalva, lidocaine, and Valsalva with administration of lidocaine to reduce the pain associated with administration of etomidate. Methods: The present study is a clinical trial study. The number of samples in each group was 30 and a total of 90 people were selected. This study was a clinical trial and the subjects were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1: Valsalva, 2: Lidocaine, 3: Valsalva and Lidocaine. Pain due to etomidate was rated on a VAS from 1 (painless) to 3 (worst imaginable pain) and their information was recorded. The collected information was entered into SPSS 22 and analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. Results: A total of 90 subjects participated in the present study and were divided into 3 groups: Valsalva, lidocaine, and Valsalva with lidocaine. No significant difference was observed between demographic variables in the study groups. There was a significant relationship between severity of pain in the three groups. According to the results, the highest pain intensity was in the Valsalva group and the lowest pain intensity was in the Valsalva with lidocaine group. Conclusions: Valsalva with lidocaine reduces the severity of pain caused by etomidate to a greater extent than other groups.

Comparison of the Effect of EMLA™ Cream and the Valsalva Maneuver on Pain Severity during Vascular Needle Insertion in Hemodialysis Patients: A Controlled, Randomized, Clinical Trial

“…Soltani Mohammadi et al and Kumar et al (2016) showed that the pain caused by skin puncture in spinal injections is reduced by performing VM [40,41]. Similarly, Nazemroaya et al confirmed the effect of this maneuver on reducing pain during general anesthesia [42].…”

“…Although many studies have shown the effectiveness of EMLA cream [30,32,33] and VM [39][40][41][42][43][44], the two techniques have not been compared in terms of their capacity to reduce AVF cannulation pain in HD patients. Given that the management of symptoms (especially pain) is a top priority for patients with ESRD [45] and due to the contradictory findings on the effectiveness of EMLA cream and VM in some studies, the need to choose the best method to control these patients' pain, and the lack of knowledge about whether EMLA relieves pain better or VM, this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of EMLA cream and VM on pain severity during vascular needle 2…”