A Comparative Study on Poaceae and Leguminosae Forage Crops for Aided Phytostabilization in Trace-Element-Contaminated Soil

Abstract

When applying an aided phytostabilization in trace-element-contaminated agricultural soil, the cultivation of forage crops instead of edible crops can reduce the trace elements transfer to humans while minimizing the income loss of farmers. The objectives of this study were to compare the effect of the type of forage crops at the "family" level (Poaceae and Leguminosae) on aided phytostabilization using physical (water stable aggregation), chemical (Mehlich-3 extraction), and biological assessments (dehydrogenase activity). Pig manure and acid mine drainage sludge were used as soil amendments, and four plant species (Loliummultiflorum Lam. var. italicum and Secalecereale L. [Poaceae representatives], Viciavillosa Roth, and Trifoliumpratense L. [Leguminosae representatives]) were cultivated after amendment treatments. Chemical assessment showed that the reduction in bioavailability of trace elements was partly observed in legume crops. The positive effects of plant cultivation were determined through physical assessment. The effectiveness of pig manure as an organic amendment was determined by biological assessment. In some treatments, the synergistic effect of the incorporation of chemical stabilization with both plant families was observed but it was difficult to identify a clear distinction between the two families. The translocation of trace elements from root to shoot was low in all plants, indicating that the cultivation of the plants used in this study is safe with regards to the spread of trace elements into the environment. The results suggest that forage crop cultivation in contaminated agricultural soil could ameliorate soil quality after chemical stabilization.

Water and soil contaminated by arsenic: the use of microorganisms and plants in bioremediation

“…var. italicum , Secale cereale , Vicia villosa , and Trifolium pratense 642 mg As kg −1 , 3 months Excluders Phytostabilisation Kim et al ( 2018 ) Halogeton glomeratus 3 mg kg −1 , 1 year Accumulator Phytoextraction Li et al ( 2019a ) Pteris vittata 190 mg As kg −1 , 2 years Hyperaccumulator Phytoextraction Kertulis-Tartar et al ( 2006 ) Pteris vittata 26.7 and 129 mg As kg −1 Hyperaccumulator Phytoextraction da Silva et al ( 2018a ) Pteris vittata Hyperaccumulator Phytoextraction Gray et al 2005 ; Shelmerdine et al 2009 (cited in Jiang et al 2015 ) Pteris vittata intercropped with Zea mays 93 mg As kg −1 Hyperaccumulator + excluder Phytoextraction; intercropping Ma et al ( 2018 ) Pteris ensiformis , Boehmeria nivea , and 18 other species 125–6656 mg As kg −1 Phytoextraction; phytostabilisation Pan et al ( 2019 ) Oryza sativa 72.7 mg As kg −1 , 5 months Excluder Phytostabilisation/in situ immobilisation Li et al ( 2019b ) …”

Soil quality/health indicators in a disturbed ecosystem in southern Ecuador

“…According to Kuria et al (2018) when these plants are used in degraded soils, they experience levels of water stability in the soil (when there is water stress) and also extract high amounts of the dehydrogenase enzyme, which facilitate oxidation-reduction reactions of various substrates in the soil, leading to its recovery. Other benefits of these plants have also been determined, since they have synergistic effects with organic amendments, for example, which indicates that after chemical stabilization, they could improve the physical and biological properties of the soil (Kim et al, 2018).…”

Securing of an Industrial Soil Using Turfgrass Assisted by Biostimulants and Compost Amendment

“…Many organic amendments (e.g., compost, sewage sludge, stabilized biosolids, biochar or animal manure) were proposed for reducing PTE mobility in soil due to chelation, adsorption, binding or co-precipitation processes [34][35][36][37]. Compost is the product of the humification and microbiological stabilization of organic materials [38].…”