“…From the photoluminescence point of view, TMIs generate broad emission bands that have an adjustable wavelength and appropriate quantum yield 7 , 8 . Electrically and magnetically, the multiple oxidation states of the TMIs bring substantial modifications in the glass networks structural units by influencing the charge degree of freedom and spin, which in turn directly affect the conduction process and the electrical and magnetic nature of the glass network 9 , 10 . Hence, glass-containing TMIs have significant applications in photonics, electronic, optoelectronics, and magnetic domains such as light emitting diodes, optical filters, solid-state lasers, memory-switching electronics, superionic batteries, catalysis, smart electronic devices, and magnetic information storage 11 – 13 .…”