“…For the electrical aspect, the MHD system includes the drive circuit for the propulsion system, the B field generation design, the equivalent resistance model of the seawater involving the electrolyte conduction loss, electrolysis loss, the parameters of the electrode and electrolyte interface, and the energy consumption of the propulsion. For the electric field (E) spreading in the fluid, the simulation of E distribution in [13] shows that the edges of the electrodes have a higher electric potential than the center, which is an ordinary parallel-plate characteristic. However, the experiment is at a significantly lower power level.…”