A comparison of benzene exposures in maintenance and regular works at Korean petrochemical plants

Chung, Eun Kyo; Jang, Junbong; Koh, Dong Hee

doi:10.1016/j.jchas.2016.09.006

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All the HQ values exceeded the threshold value, set at the unity, implying that H 2 S, SO 2 and NH 3 are likely to cause adverse health effects in the area under study for now. Previous studies have reported similar findings ( Chung et al., 2017 ; Ferrero et al., 2017 ; Sunisa et al., 2019 ). However, this submission is in contrast to the findings where exposure of individuals in the vicinity of landfill site in Cameroon and students in the vicinities of coal mines in South Africa will likely negligible no health threat ( Gilbert et al., 2019 ; Olufemi et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Air emissions and health risk assessment around abattoir facility

Odekanle

Sonibare

Odejobi

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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The study assessed the impacts of abattoir activities on ambient air quality and health risk associated with exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 , H 2 S, SO 2 and NH 3 . Air samplings were done simultaneously around the abattoir at three points for sixty consecutive days (October to November) and standard methods adopted for the samplings and analysis. Health risks associated with exposure to PM 10 and PM 2.5 were estimated, using attributable fractions, relative risk and the excess lifetime cancer risk. The non-carcinogenic risks induced by the inhalation of H 2 S, SO 2 and NH 3 were also evaluated using hazard quotient (HQ). The results indicated that the average concentrations of 18.75 μg/m 3 , 89.17 μg/m 3 and 0.1ppm for PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 respectively, were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO), National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) permissible limits. Air Quality Index showed that the ambient air quality in respect of CO and NH 3 was very good, moderate for PM 10 and was very poor for NO 2 and SO 2 . It was also shown that 0.32% of deaths from lung cancer, and 0.23% from cardiopulmonary could be avoided if PM 2.5 is reduced to 3 μg/m 3 and while about 0.14% of all-cause mortality could be avoided if PM 10 is reduced to 10 μg/m 3 . In similar manner, at least 0.45% likelihood that an individual in a group of people exposed to PM 2.5 100m away from the burning point may have health issue (lung cancer) than an individual from another set of people that is exposed to baseline concentration of 3 μg/m 3 . All the HQ values exceeded the threshold value, set at the unity, implying that H 2 S, SO 2 and NH 3 are likely to cause adverse health effects in the area. Conclusively, continuous operation of this abattoir within the residential area can constitute a great environmental menace to the residents of the area and can result in complication to those with existing health challenge.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Air emissions and health risk assessment around abattoir facility

Odekanle

Sonibare

Odejobi

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…Higher exposures to benzene of petrol station workers were detected by using urinary t,t-muconic acid, a biomarker of benzene exposure, when compared to taxi drivers [25]. Moreover, workers operating fuel dispensers might be close to the source of benzene vapor, increasing benzene exposure as previously reported among maintenance workers of petrochemical plants during maintenance operations [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers

Chaiklieng

Suggaravetsiri²,

Autrup³

2019

IJERPH

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Benzene is a human carcinogen presented in gasoline (1% by volume). It is also found in vehicle exhaust. The aim of this study was to assess the health risk of inhalation exposure to benzene among gasoline station workers. The ambient benzene concentration was measured by personal sampling from 150 gasoline station workers (137 fueling workers and 13 cashiers). Additional data of working characteristics were collected by interviews and on-site observations. All workers were non-smokers and passive smoking was limited. Risk assessment of inhalation exposure was determined using the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and showed a high risk of adverse health effect (Hazard Quotients (HQ) >1) in 51.33% of workers. The cancer risk was increased from 1.35 × 10-8 to 1.52 × 10-4, and 70.67% of the workers had a lifetime cancer risk (>Inhalation Unit Risk (IUR): 2.2 × 10-6). A significantly higher risk was found in fueling workers compared to cashiers, and in workers at gasoline stations in inner-city zones (suburban and urban), compared to rural zones. All risk estimations were based upon a single measurement in an eight hour working period, which was assumed to be the average shift length for all working days in a year (250 days). The increased health risk suggests that there should be health surveillance for workers in order to protect them from exposure to benzene. In addition to benzene, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in gasoline may influence health outcomes.

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“…The study subjects consisted of 474 male workers who participated in turnaround maintenance operations held in seven petrochemical plants 13 , 14 ) . During turnaround maintenance, workers can be exposed to various carcinogenic chemicals such as benzene and 1,3-butadiene 15 ) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of personal air benzene and urine <i>t,t</i>-muconic acid as a benzene exposure surrogate during turnaround maintenance in petrochemical plants

et al. 2018

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Previous studies have shown that biomarkers of chemicals with long half-lives may be better surrogates of exposure for epidemiological analyses, leading to less attenuation of the exposure-disease association, than personal air samples. However, chemicals with short half-lives have shown inconsistent results. In the present study, we compared pairs of personal air benzene and its short-half-life urinary metabolite trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), and predicted attenuation bias of theoretical exposure-disease association. Total 669 pairs of personal air benzene and urine t,t-MA samples were taken from 474 male workers during turnaround maintenance operations held in seven petrochemical plants. Maintenance jobs were classified into 13 groups. Variance components were calculated for personal air benzene and urine t,t-MA separately to estimate the attenuation of the theoretical exposure-disease association. Personal air benzene and urine t,t-MA showed similar attenuation of the theoretical exposure-disease association. Analyses for repeated measurements showed similar results, while in analyses for values above the limits of detection (LODs), urine t,t-MA showed less attenuation of the theoretical exposure-disease association than personal air benzene. Our findings suggest that there may be no significant difference in attenuation bias when personal air benzene or urine t,t-MA is used as a surrogate for benzene exposure.

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A comparison of benzene exposures in maintenance and regular works at Korean petrochemical plants

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Air emissions and health risk assessment around abattoir facility

Air emissions and health risk assessment around abattoir facility

Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers

Comparison of personal air benzene and urine <i>t,t</i>-muconic acid as a benzene exposure surrogate during turnaround maintenance in petrochemical plants

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