A comparison of cecal colonization of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in white leghorn chicks and Salmonella-resistant mice

Sivula, Christine P.; Bogomolnaya, Lydia M.; Andrews‐Polymenis, Helene

doi:10.1186/1471-2180-8-182

Cited by 38 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These results further support the idea that, in the poultry industry, asymptomatic birds may favor the long-term persistence of this pathogen increasing the risks of contamination and propagation within the flock (SIVULA et al, 2008). Moreover, during slaughter, there is a greater risk that carcasses might be contaminated SIVULA et al, 2008), increasing the risk to human health.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

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Experimental infection of broiler chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium from pigeon (Columba livia)

Albuquerque

Teixeira

Machado

et al. 2016

SCA

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Several cases of animal and human salmonellosis caused by the Salmonella serotype Typhimurium have been reported. In animals, subclinical infection favors pathogen dissemination through feces. In this context, the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) with an asymptomatic condition may play an important role in the transmission of salmonellosis, through the elimination of contaminated feces in commercial aviaries or in poultry feed facilities, causing economic losses to the poultry industry and presenting a risk to public health. This study aimed to evaluate the mortality, clinical signs and the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium in the feces and organs of chicks previously inoculated with bacteria isolated from a pigeon. One-day-old chicks were distributed in two experimental groups (G1 and G2) of 32 birds each, and a control group of six birds. Two inocula of 0.4 and 0.7 mL with 10 5 and 10 6 colony forming units were used in G1 and G2 birds, respectively. At 1, 4, 7 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) fecal samples were pooled from each cage and individual cloacal swabs were collected. At 14 dpi, all chicks were euthanized and samples were collected from the liver, spleen, lung, cecum and intestine for microbiological analysis. Mortality was only observed among G2 birds (6.25%). Most birds presented clinical signs of diarrhea at 4 dpi and no symptom as observed at 14 dpi. The results from cloacal swabs demonstrated bacterial elimination in 68.8% and 53.1% of G2 and G1 birds, respectively at 1 dpi. Additionally, fecal samples had elevated bacterial shedding in all four periods of observation , with a higher excretion at 4 dpi (62.5%) for both groups. Among G2 birds, 74.2% were positive for the pathogen in the intestine; G1 birds presented the lowest rate of lung infection (29%), and both groups had more than 50% positivity for liver and caeca. The results revealed that infected chicks with a Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from pigeons may host the pathogen in several organs, and simultaneously present diarrheic disorders with significant levels of bacterial excretion in feces. ResumoNa literatura são relatados diversos casos de salmonelose em animais e humanos em vários países ocasionados pelo sorotipo Typhimurium. Em animais, a infeção subclínica favorece a disseminação do patógeno através das fezes. Nesse contexto, o pombo (Columba livia) com quadro assintomático pode desempenhar um importante papel na transmissão de salmonelose, mediante a excreção de fezes contaminadas em aviários comerciais ou em instalações de ração animal causando perdas econômicas para a indústria avícola, e proporcionando risco para a saúde pública. Objetivou-se avaliar a taxa de mortalidade, sinal clínico e a presença de Salmonella Typhimurium nas fezes e nos órgãos de pintinhos previamente inoculados com bactérias oriundas de pombo. Foram utilizados 70 pintos de corte de um dia de idade, os quais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (G1 e G2) de 32 aves cada. Utilizou-se um grupo controle, constituído por seis...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Moreover, during slaughter, there is a greater risk that carcasses might be contaminated SIVULA et al, 2008), increasing the risk to human health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of broiler chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium from pigeon (Columba livia)

Albuquerque

Teixeira

Machado

et al. 2016

SCA

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“…We found that this was not the case because an invasion-deficient mutant (⌬SPI-1) attached and formed microcolonies on the surface of the epithelium in vitro. In support of this, SPI-1 mutants still firmly attach to the surface of the mouse cecum epithelia in resistant mouse strains (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Gallbladder Epithelium as a Niche for Chronic Salmonella Carriage

2013

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Although typhoid fever has been intensively studied, chronic typhoid carriage still represents a problem for the transmission and persistence of the disease in areas of endemicity. This chronic state is highly associated with the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder of infected carriers upon which Salmonella can form robust biofilms. However, we hypothesize that in addition to gallstones, the gallbladder epithelium aids in the establishment/maintenance of chronic carriage. In this work, we present evidence of the role of the gallbladder epithelium in chronic carriage by a mechanism involving invasion, intracellular persistence, and biofilm formation. Salmonella was able to adhere to and invade polarized gallbladder epithelial cells apically in the absence and presence of bile in a Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-dependent manner. Intracellular replication of Salmonella was also evident at 12 and 24 h postinvasion. A flowthrough system revealed that Salmonella is able to adhere to and form extensive bacterial foci on gallbladder epithelial cells as early as 12 h postinoculation. In vivo experiments using a chronic mouse model of typhoid carriage showed invasion and damage of the gallbladder epithelium and lamina propria up to 2 months after Salmonella infection, with an abundant presence of macrophages, a relative absence of neutrophils, and extrusion of infected epithelial cells. Additionally, microcolonies of Salmonella cells were evident on the surface of the mouse gallbladder epithelia up to 21 days postinfection. These data reveal a second potential mechanism, intracellular persistence and/or bacterial aggregation in/on the gallbladder epithelium with luminal cell extrusion, for Salmonella maintenance in the gallbladder.

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“…The type 3 secretion system 1 (TTSS-1) encoded on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) plays a major role and the TTSS-2 a minor role in intestinal colonization of mammalian hosts (17)(18)(19). However, the available data suggest that the TTSS-1 and TTSS-2 are both dispensable for intestinal colonization of chicks that have not been seeded with adult intestinal microflora prior to 6 days postinfection (20,21). Mutants deficient in pyrimidine and amino acid biosynthesis, central metabolism, and transport of a variety of nutrients are predicted to be under negative selection in mutant screens, but the role of these metabolic pathways in colonization has not been confirmed (22)(23)(24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Eggs were incubated in an egg incubator (GQF Manufacturing Co.) at 38°C with 58 to 65% humidity for 21 days. Eggs were periodically rotated for the first 18 days and then moved to the hatching tray for the last 3 days prehatch (21). Chicks were housed in a poultry brooder (Alternative Design Manufacturing, Siloam Springs, AR) at 32°C to 35°C with ad libitum access to tap water and irradiated lab chick diet (Harlan Teklad, Madison, WI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Two-Step Hierarchical Screening of Mutant Pools Reveals Mutants under Selection in Chicks

Yang¹,

Bogomolnaya

Elfenbein³

et al. 2016

Infect Immun

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dContaminated chicken/egg products are major sources of human salmonellosis, yet the strategies used by Salmonella to colonize chickens are poorly understood. We applied a novel two-step hierarchical procedure to identify new genes important for colonization and persistence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in chickens. A library of 182 S. Typhimurium mutants each containing a targeted deletion of a group of contiguous genes (for a total of 2,069 genes deleted) was used to identify regions under selection at 1, 3, and 9 days postinfection in chicks. Mutants in 11 regions were under selection at all assayed times (colonization mutants), and mutants in 15 regions were under selection only at day 9 (persistence mutants). We assembled a pool of 92 mutants, each deleted for a single gene, representing nearly all genes in nine regions under selection. Twelve single gene deletion mutants were under selection in this assay, and we confirmed 6 of 9 of these candidate mutants via competitive infections and complementation analysis in chicks. STM0580, STM1295, STM1297, STM3612, STM3615, and STM3734 are needed for Salmonella to colonize and persist in chicks and were not previously associated with this ability. One of these key genes, STM1297 (selD), is required for anaerobic growth and supports the ability to utilize formate under these conditions, suggesting that metabolism of formate is important during infection. We report a hierarchical screening strategy to interrogate large portions of the genome during infection of animals using pools of mutants of low complexity. Using this strategy, we identified six genes not previously known to be needed during infection in chicks, and one of these (STM1297) suggests an important role for formate metabolism during infection.

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A comparison of cecal colonization of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in white leghorn chicks and Salmonella-resistant mice

Cited by 38 publications

References 53 publications

Experimental infection of broiler chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium from pigeon (Columba livia)

Experimental infection of broiler chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium from pigeon (Columba livia)

Gallbladder Epithelium as a Niche for Chronic Salmonella Carriage

Novel Two-Step Hierarchical Screening of Mutant Pools Reveals Mutants under Selection in Chicks

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