A comparison of combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil with diesel as fuel in a direct injection diesel engine

Abstract

The use of waste cooking oil (WCO) as an alternative to diesel in engines has advantages from both economic and environmental standpoints. Typical of vegetable oils, WCO has a higher viscosity, leading to a general perception that its use is likely to have an adverse effect on the fuel injection system and consequent combustion process. In the present investigation, tests were carried out to determine engine performance and combustion analysis as well as emissions for both WCO and diesel. It was observed that because of the shorter ignition delay the premixed combustion phase of WCO was less intense than that of diesel. However, because of the corresponding smaller combustion volume, the peak pressures were on average 1.5 bar higher and occurred 1.1°-3.8° earlier than for diesel. This early peaking characteristic requires careful attention to ensure that, while running with WCO, the peak pressure takes place marginally after top dead centre for efficient operation. In terms of emissions of CO, NO and SO2, the level was higher for WCO compared with diesel.

Performance and Emissions of a Single Cylinder CI Engine Running on Corn Oil Methyl Ester-Diesel Blends

“…Variation of the exhaust temperature for test fuels can be originated from the compositions of them. It is decelerated that biodiesel usually contains some constituents which have higher boiling temperatures and these constituents cannot evaporate completely during the main combustion phase but continue to burn in the late of combustion phase that causes a higher exhaust temperature [10]. On average, the exhaust temperature of B10, B20 and B50 were determined as 419.2 , 425.2 , 434.4 and 428.2 , respectively.…”

Reduction of Persistent Organic Pollutant Emissions during Incinerator Start-up by Using Crude Waste Cooking Oil as an Alternative Fuel

“…Estimated amounts of waste cooking oil from developed countries are about 4.0-6.0 × 10 6 tons year -1 in Japan (Yu et al, 2002;Ramadhas et al, 2004) in Malaysia (Kalam et al, 2011) and 7.0 × 10 4 tons year -1 from Taiwan (Tsai et al, 2007). After many frying cycles at elevated temperatures and, while exposed to the atmosphere, the waste oil deteriorates in quality in comparison to the original fresh oil making, thus rendered unsuitable for further use and consumption.…”

“…During the transition from original fresh to waste cooking oil, many transformations occur, which include thickening and becoming viscous, change in color from yellow to brown, formation of foam, and increase in specific heat (Maskan, 2003;Kulkarni and Dalai, 2006;Hassanien and Sharoba, 2014). Therefore, in order to prevent potential environmental and health problems such as clogging of drainage systems, river pollution (Yu et al, 2002), illegal selling after refining (Liang et al, 2013) and possible introduction of toxic compounds in the food chain (Kulkarni and Dalai, 2006;Lu and Wu, 2014), many nations have set up policies to ban illegal disposal of waste cooking oil (Kalam et al, 2011;Patil et al, 2012). New ways of tapping into waste cooking oil as an economic resource have been researched over the years (Valdés and Garcia, 2006;Naima and Liazid, 2013).…”

“…Kalam et al (2011) noted that application of 5% waste palm oil and 5% waste coconut oil mixed with 95% diesel fuel in an engine resulted in reductions of the emissions of unburned hydrocarbon (HC) (17-23%), smoke (1.75-3.33%), CO (7.3-21%), and NOx (1%), when compared to diesel fuel operation. However, Yu et al (2002) utilized waste cooking oil to run diesel engine without modification, but reported increased emissions of CO, NO and SO 2 compared to diesel fuel. Similarly, Mahfouz et al (2015) used it in swirl burners with preheating to avoid clogging in the nozzles and reported higher HC and CO 2 emissions compared to diesel fuel.…”

Statistical Analysis of Diesel Engine Performance for Castor and Jatropha Biodiesel-Blended Fuel

“…Therefore, instead of using such oils, waste vegetable oils [9,10] and non-edible crude vegetable oils [11,12] have been considered as potential alternative fuels. Different researchers are working on different types of oil to be used as a potential source for biodiesel production, such as jatropha oil [11,13], castor oil [14], polanga seed oil [4], karanja oil [15], palm oil [16,17], tobacco oil [8], coffee oil [18], mahua oil [19], rubber seed oil [20], microalgae oil [21], rice bran oil [22], beef tallow [23],waste cooking oil [9], linseed oil [1], soyabeen oil [24], and sunflower oil [25].…”