Abstract-Recently auction methods have been investigated as effective, decentralized methods for multi-robot coordination. Experimental research has shown great potential, but has not been complemented yet by theoretical analysis. In this paper we contribute a theoretical analysis of the performance of auction methods for multi-robot routing. We suggest a generic framework for auction-based multi-robot routing and analyze a variety of bidding rules for different team objectives. This is the first time that auction methods are shown to offer theoretical guarantees for such a variety of bidding rules and team objectives.
I. INTRODUCTIONRobot teams are increasingly becoming a popular alternative to single robots for a variety of difficult robotic tasks, such as planetary exploration or planetary base assembly. Robot teams offer many advantages over single robots: robustness (due to redundancy), efficiency (due to parallelism), and flexibility (due to reconfigurability). However, an important factor for the success of a robot team is the ability to coordinate the team members in an effective way. Coordination involves the allocation and execution of individual tasks through an efficient, decentralized mechanism.In this paper, we focus on multi-robot routing, a class of problems where a team of mobile robots must visit a set of locations for some purpose (e.g., delivery or acquisition) with routes that optimize certain criteria (e.g., minimization of consumed energy, completion time, or average latency). Examples include search-and-rescue in areas hit by disasters, surveillance of a facility, placement of sensors in a sensor network, delivery of parts, and measurements over a wide area. Such routing problems, including Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) and several variants of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), have been widely studied from a centralized point of view in the operations research literature, and more recently in robotics with a focus on decentralized approaches.Even in decentralized multi-robot coordination, some information should be communicated between the robots to facilitate efficient performance; it is desirable to enable good decision making while communicating as little information as possible. One promising approach of this type is the use of market-based mechanisms, in particular, auction-based methods, where the communicated information consists of bids robots place on various tasks and coordination is achieved by a process similar to winner determination in auctions.The efficiency of auction-based methods has been demonstrated experimentally [1]-[9], but there has been little theoretical study [8]. In this paper we make the following contributions: (1) we suggest a generic framework for auctionbased multi-robot routing, and (2) we derive and analyze six bidding rules for three team objectives (minimizing total cost, maximum cost, or average service cost), specifically, we provide lower and upper bounds on their performance relative to optimal performance. This is the first time that auction...