A comparison of data protection legislation and policies across the EU

Selected Issues from the Dark Side of the General Data Protection Regulation

“…The performed case study and the forecast estimation reveal the dark side of the GDPR which entails not only the ambiguousness of the very wording of the GDPR and the discrepancy between its national implementations (Custers et al, 2018), but as well the direct information asymmetry and necessary expense issues. At the same time, it cannot be denied that the GDPR is a big opportunity for an enhanced co-operation (Barnard-Willis et al, 2016), the involvement of modern technologies (Lindqvist, 2017) and generally an impulse to push the EU into the era of the 4 th industrial revolution (Martinéz-Martinéz, 2018)…”

“…Although the protection of personal data is harmonized within the EU by Directive 95/46/EC and newly by the GDPR in 2018, discussions on political, legal, academic and even practitioners levels reveal that there are significant differences in the understanding and ways in which EU member states implement these measures (Custers et al, 2018). This ambiguity and discrepancy is further magnified by the fact that the GDPR is a reformatory regulatory piece of the EU legislation with a direct, imminent application which expands the understanding and regulation of the processing of data of natural persons, and not only in the EU.…”

Conceptualizing data‐deliberation: The starry sky beetle, environmental system risk, and Habermasian CSR in the digital age

“…We propose to define the political role of corporations in data‐deliberation as the (a) voluntary disclosure of corporate data and its transparent, open sharing with the public sector (b) along with the cooperation with the public sector on data analytics methods for examining large‐scale data sets (c) thereby complying with existing national and international regulation on data protection, in particular with respect to privacy and personal data (see, e.g., Custers et al, ). Thus, via data‐deliberation, corporations may contribute to providing public goods, respectively, the avoidance of public bads in contexts with functioning governments (Enderle, ; Gross & De Dreu, ).…”

“…We offer a contribution to the recent research that has started to conceptualize the political understandings of corporations in the digital age (Martin, ; Seele, ; Whelan, , ; Whelan, Moon, & Grant, ). In this regard, we outline how corporations can act as active deliberators in functioning state settings, contributing to the provision of public goods, respectively, the avoidance of public bads via data‐deliberation , which we propose to define as: the (a) voluntary disclosure of corporate data and its transparent, open sharing with the public sector (b) along with the cooperation with governmental institutions on data analytics methods for examining large‐scale data sets (c) thereby complying with existing national and international regulations on data protection, in particular with respect to privacy and personal data (see, e.g., Custers, Dechesne, Sears, Tani, & van der Hof, ). Data‐deliberation thereby goes beyond existing forms of corporate transparency, such as CSR reporting in a pre‐digital age (Martínez‐Ferrero & García‐Sánchez, ; Parris, Dapko, Arnold, & Arnold, ) and represents a step to real‐time transparency about ethical business conduct (Seele, ).…”

Companies´ Readiness of GDPR and Implementation Barriers

“…From the annual report of The Office for Personal Data Protection of 2016 it follows that they handled 1585 complaints in the year and carried out 116 own inspections. (Custers et al, 2017; The office for personal data protection, 2017)…”