A comparison of ECG cancellation techniques applied to the surface recording of somatosensory evoked potentials

Elimination of electrocardiogram contamination from electromyogram signals: An evaluation of currently used removal techniques

“…Schweitzer et al [27] stated that the resulting square waves introduce a greater source of error in the frequency domain than the ECG the clipping method is trying to remove. Further, Black and Lovely [7] found that amplitude gating methods were more effective at ECG removal than both the ANC and clipping methods on both fabricated and experimental contaminated EMG signals. In this study, the subtraction and BW30 methods were found to (7) BW30 (5) Sub (4) Gate (15) cBW20 (1) InvFFT (22) remove ECG better than the gating method.…”

“…Other types of ECG removal techniques reported in the literature are the combination methods of adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) and event synchronous cancellation (ESC) [1,2,14,18,32], and clipping [7]. The ANC and ESC methods use the collection of a pure ECG signal in time Fig.…”

“…Investigations of ECG contamination in EMG signals have employed techniques such as high pass filtering [26,27], various subtraction methods [2,5,7,10,14,17,32], and amplitude gating [5]. However, few studies have quantified the techniques relative to an uncontaminated EMG signal (gold standard or criterion measure), or made direct comparisons between different methods for a given data set.…”

“…Bartolo et al [5] compared a subtraction template technique, based on similar methods used by Levine et al [17] and Bloch [10], to amplitude gating and concluded that the subtraction technique was superior. Amplitude gating was found by Black and Lovely [7] to perform better than both clipping and adaptive noise cancellation (a type of subtraction) methods. Despite these studies, in the EMG literature the most common method used is to analyse EMG signals only where ECG contamination is not present in the signal [28,29].…”

Effect of electrocardiographic contamination on surface electromyography assessment of back muscles

“…Different techniques have been used to reject the ECG artifacts in EMG signal, including high pass filter (Panagiotacopulos et al, 1998), subtraction method (Deng et al, 2000;Mathieu and Fortin, 2000), clipping (Black and Lovely, 1997), adaptive filtering (Marque et al, 2005) and its combination with event synchronous cancellation method (Deng et al, 2000;Strobach et al, 1994). A recent study (Hu et al, 2005) has shown that ICA is an efficient method to remove ECG contaminations from back muscle SEMG, and thus was employed in this present study.…”