A comparison of FPGA and FPAA technologies for a signal processing application

Selow, Roberto; Lopes, Heitor Silvério; Lima, Carlos R. Erig

doi:10.1109/fpl.2009.5272306

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Many network functions, especially those that are related to the optical physical layer, require complex analogue processing, often based on filtering. To satisfy these requirements, the node includes advanced field programmable analogue arrays [10]. These can support electronic analogue and filtering functions.…”

Section: Figures 1b and 2b Show An Architectural Block Diagram Of A Novel Optical White Box Supporting The Aforementioned Features It Incmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical network democratization

Nejabati¹,

Peng²,

Simeonidou³

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. The current Internet infrastructure is not able to support independent evolution and innovation at physical and network layer functionalities, protocols, and services, while at same time supporting the increasing bandwidth demands of evolving and heterogeneous applications. This paper addresses this problem by proposing a completely democratized optical network infrastructure. It introduces the novel concepts of optical white box and bare metal optical switch as key technology enablers for democratizing optical networks. These are programmable optical switches that their hardware is loosely connected internally and completely separated from their control software. To alleviate their complexity, a multidimensional abstraction mechanism utilising software defined network technology is proposed. It creates a universal model of the proposed switches without exposing their technological details. It also enables a conventional network programmer to develop network applications for control of the optical network without specific technical knowledge of the physical layer. Furthermore, a novel optical network virtualization mechanism is proposed, enabling composition and operation of multiple co-existing and application specific virtual optical networks sharing the same physical infrastructure. Finally, the optical white box and the abstraction mechanism are experimentally evaluated, while the virtualization mechanism is evaluated with simulation.

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Section: Figures 1b and 2b Show An Architectural Block Diagram Of A Novel Optical White Box Supporting The Aforementioned Features It Incmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To satisfy these requirements, the node includes advanced Field Programmable Analogue Arrays (FPAAs) [10]. They can support electronic analogue and filtering functions.…”

Section: (B) Optical White Boxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical network democratization

Nejabati¹,

Peng²,

Simeonidou³

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…FPAA- or FPGA- based reconfigurable hardware systems have emerged as an important technology to improve the robustness of electric systems in recent years [16–25]. In [19] the authors present an Evolvable Hardware-based approach.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keymeulen et al [23] describe a FPAA-based self-reconfigurable analog array integrated circuit architecture for space applications. In [24,25] combinations of FPAAs and FPGAs to realize both analog and digital circuit reconfigurations are presented.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Providing Self-Healing Ability for Wireless Sensor Node by Using Reconfigurable Hardware

Yuan

Qiu

Gao

et al. 2012

Sensors

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received tremendous attention over the past ten years. In engineering applications of WSNs, a number of sensor nodes are usually spread across some specific geographical area. Some of these nodes have to work in harsh environments. Dependability of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is very important for its successful applications in the engineering area. In ordinary research, when a node has a failure, it is usually discarded and the network is reorganized to ensure the normal operation of the WSN. Using appropriate WSN re-organization methods, though the sensor networks can be reorganized, this causes additional maintenance costs and sometimes still decreases the function of the networks. In those situations where the sensor networks cannot be reorganized, the performance of the whole WSN will surely be degraded. In order to ensure the reliable and low cost operation of WSNs, a method to develop a wireless sensor node with self-healing ability based on reconfigurable hardware is proposed in this paper. Two self-healing WSN node realization paradigms based on reconfigurable hardware are presented, including a redundancy-based self-healing paradigm and a whole FPAA/FPGA based self-healing paradigm. The nodes designed with the self-healing ability can dynamically change their node configurations to repair the nodes' hardware failures. To demonstrate these two paradigms, a strain sensor node is adopted as an illustration to show the concepts. Two strain WSN sensor nodes with self-healing ability are developed respectively according to the proposed self-healing paradigms. Evaluation experiments on self-healing ability and power consumption are performed. Experimental results show that the developed nodes can self-diagnose the failures and recover to a normal state automatically. The research presented can improve the robustness of WSNs and reduce the maintenance cost of WSNs in engineering applications.

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“…Analog devices present behaviour deviations against variations in temperature, power supply and load impedance; besides, they present drifts with the aging. Digital devices do not present such abrupt changes with those parameters [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fixed-point design methodology of the hyperbolic tangent function using lookup tables with performance evaluation on FPGA

Suárez¹

2018

EasyChair Preprints

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The sigmoid functions, including the hyperbolic tangent, are widely used in artificial neural networks. Usually, artificial neural networks are implemented on a computer, in training and testing phases, using floating point arithmetic. In some situations it is necessary to improve the performance of neural networks, in such cases the implementations are designed for specific digital devices, using fixed point arithmetic. This strategy increases the speed, and reduces the hardware resources and consumed power. The sigmoid functions are non-linear systems because include exponentials and divisions operations, so they are the bottleneck of the artificial neuron design and cannot be implemented directly in fixed-point format. For this reason, several methods of approximation are used, mainly based on piecewise approximations. One of the most common technique is to use Look-up Tables, which store samples of the function. This method needs a lot of hardware resources, but it reaches the highest speed. The first objective, using lookup table approximations, is to explore the set of solutions and study the effect of the number of bits. This can only be achieved if an advanced design methodology is used for experimentation, a second objective is to expose this fast and flexible design method. Thirdly, the measure of functionality associated with the error is reviewed. A new functionality measure is proposed associated with the concept of signal to noise power relation. The new measure allows compare different approximations; besides, some linearities are observed against the number of bits. Afterwards, the implementations are developed on some Field Programmable Gate Arrays and the performances are evaluated: hardware resources, speed and consumed power. Again, some linear behaviours are observed. Finally, a quality factor is proposed, which includes functionality and physical performances, this factor allows comparison between different implementations.

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A comparison of FPGA and FPAA technologies for a signal processing application

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Optical network democratization

Optical network democratization

Providing Self-Healing Ability for Wireless Sensor Node by Using Reconfigurable Hardware

Fixed-point design methodology of the hyperbolic tangent function using lookup tables with performance evaluation on FPGA

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