A Comparison of Fuel Choice for Backup Generators

Ericson, Sean; Olis, Daniel

doi:10.2172/1505554

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The model uses a total installed cost of $3000/kW for a PV system, and $300/kWh for fully installed BESS. We assume a 10 kW diesel generator (commensurate with the 9.94 kW peak demand for the household) that has an up-front cost of $5000 [37] (or $515 pa for a 10 kW generator in annualized cost). Solar PV costs represent commercial quotes [26] and battery costs are based on the NREL projections [38].…”

Section: Case Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…System-level hardening strategies to address power system resilience are well documented and there is a rich and growing literature on the topic. However, there is relatively less coverage of customer-level resilience outside of traditional fossil fuel generators [33,37]. The proposed model attempts to fill this gap in the existing literature and uses a stochastic programming methodology that explicitly captures resilience issues as well as variability in solar PV output that in turn determines the sizing of PV as well as BESS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expected unserved energy is below 1% of the total demand for the Stormy day, and a tiny fraction of the annual demand which does not warrant additional investments in BESS let alone diesel. This is a significant finding because diesel remains the mainstay for back-up power in the state of Florida [33] and US in general [37];…”

Section: B Case Study 2: Miamimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery Storage for Resilient Homes

Chatterji

Bazilian

2020

IEEE Access

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Small-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS), especially for behind-the-meter applications, are still relatively expensive, but we show that it can be a potent solution to render homes resilient to storm related power outages. We present a stochastic programming model formulation to optimize PV/BESS explicitly accounting for resilience benefits these investments entail, over and above their ability to reduce cost of supply. The stochastic optimization considers uncertainties around storm related grid supply failures as well as variability of solar PV. The model includes an embedded Monte Carlo simulation module that considers storm related outage risks using climate model reanalysis data. It is a least-cost planning framework that optimizes selection of BESS, solar PV, grid supply, and diesel generator, from a homeowner's perspective. We present two case studies with low and high storm risks that demonstrate how different risk exposures can impact on the selection of alternative options to build resilience. Duals, or shadow prices, of demand-supply constraints from the model for both normal days and for storm related contingencies, provide interesting insights into the marginal cost of supply that can inform innovative pricing schemes to promote customer level resilience measures. The case study results reveal significant merits of BESS, in combination with PV, to enhance resilience. We find that in low-risk areas like Bethesda, MD, incremental PV and BESS required for a more resilient system can add $79 (4%) to expected annual electricity costs for a typical household, and a considerably higher $208 (10.6%) in Miami, FL which is at a much greater risk. These options are, however, 27% (in Bethesda) and 20% (in Florida) less expensive than the conventional solution of installing a diesel generator. These results provide insights into the value of BESS as part of a resilient and clean energy solution for households.

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Section: Case Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery Storage for Resilient Homes

Chatterji

Bazilian

2020

IEEE Access

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“…where F is the rate of fuel consumption (L/h), F i is the fuel curve intercept coefficient of the diesel generator (0.011 L/h/kW rated ) [31], P rated is the rated capacity of the diesel generator (50, 30 or 20 kW), F s is the fuel curve slope of the diesel generator (0.244 L/h/kW out ) [31], and P out is the diesel generator output (kW). The capital cost, replacement cost, operations and maintenance (O&M) cost, and lifetime of the diesel genset are 800 $/kW, 800 $/kW, 35 $/kW/Year, and 2.5 years, respectively [32]. The diesel price is considered as 0.719 $/L [33].…”

Section: Diesel Gensetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro Nuclear Reactors: Potential Replacements for Diesel Gensets within Micro Energy Grids

Abdussami

Adham

2020

Energies

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Resilient operation of medium/large scale off-grid energy systems, which is a key challenge for energy crisis solutions, requires continuous and sustainable energy resources. Conventionally, micro energy grids (MEGs) are adopted to supply electricity and thermal energy simultaneously. Fossil-fired gensets, such as diesel generators, are indispensable components for off-grid MEGs due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RESs). However, fossil-fired gensets emit a significant amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Therefore, this study investigates an alternative source as an economical and environmental replacement for diesel gensets that can reduce GHG emissions and ensure system reliability. A MEG is developed in this paper to support a considerably large-scale electric and thermal demand at Ontario Tech University (UOIT). Different sizes of diesel gensets and RESs, such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass, are combined in the MEG for off-grid applications. To evaluate diesel gensets’ competency, the diesel genset is substituted by an emission-free generation source named microreactor (MR). The fossil-fired MEG and MR-based MEG are optimized by an intelligent optimization technique, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO). The objective of the PSO is to minimize the net present cost (NPC). The simulation results show that MR-based MEG could be an excellent replacement for a diesel genset in terms of NPC and selected key performance indicators (KPIs). A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is also carried out to validate the simulation results.

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“…The 28.93 MW off-grid capacity owned by the 44 companies demonstrated the potential of incorporating Prosumers with excess electricity into the electricity supply in Juba to meet the growing demand that SSEC is unable to supply. Diesel generators are still the main choice for off-grid electricity generation in developing world due to their convenience and low cost of installation [33,34], thus, the World Bank [14] recommends their use in the short-term until the time South Sudan can secure financial resources to invest in other sustainable generation options. As an oilbased economy, South Sudan can avoid the impact of the global oil price crisis on its electricity generation by directly utilizing crude oil as in Saudi Arabia [35].…”

Section: Electricity Generation Options and Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-supplying the National Grid: An Assessment of Private Off-grid Electricity Generation in Juba-South Sudan

Lemi¹,

Belle²

2020

EPES

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Despite the global campaign for energy transition towards renewable sources, South Sudan's electricity generation is exclusively diesel-based with an installed capacity of 12MW in Juba against 154MW demand. Persistent power outages have led to a rise in off-grid electricity self-generation using diesel generators. This study explored the available electricity generation options in Juba, quantified the off-grid electricity, and assessed the electricity market system dynamics through a survey involving 44 companies, 2 government institutions, and 2 solar energy retailers. The study found that the current offgrid installed generation capacity in Juba is higher than the on-grid with a total of 28.93MW from 142 generator-sets. 98% of this amount is diesel-fired and 2% is from solar. Running these generators for a month cost the companies US$ 533,204 on 589,760 liters of diesel, and the combustion of this fuel results in 1553.8 tCO 2 e emissions. Knowledge of solar energy adoption was low and showed a mixed perception with most companies having no/limited knowledge. Besides, the governance of the electricity market is monopolized by a government utility company without legal frameworks. The study recommends restructuring the electricity market to attract private players by developing legal frameworks and the creation of awareness for the promotion of solar energy.

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A Comparison of Fuel Choice for Backup Generators

Abstract: Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991 and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are available free via www.OSTI.gov.

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Battery Storage for Resilient Homes

Battery Storage for Resilient Homes

Micro Nuclear Reactors: Potential Replacements for Diesel Gensets within Micro Energy Grids

Co-supplying the National Grid: An Assessment of Private Off-grid Electricity Generation in Juba-South Sudan

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