A comparison of hepatocyte cytotoxic mechanisms for chromate and arsenite

Pourahmad, Jalal; Rabiei, Maryam; Jokar, Farzaneh; O’Brien, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.08.002

Cited by 65 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…The unpaired electron present in the hydroxyl free radical, which is mainly responsible for the restraint stress-induced oxidative damage to the lymphoid tissues might have been trapped and subsequently dismuted by betaine. Earlier reports (Pourahmad et al 2005;Kanbak et al 2008) indicated that betaine had a potent reducing effect on the production free radicals in rats exposed to cytotoxicity. The protective effect of betaine against restraint stress-induced oxidative stress observed in this study may also be associated with the restoration of SAM, which contributes to an increase in the supply of substrate needed for the synthesis of GSH that protects the cell from reactive metabolites and reactive oxygen species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Studies on the protective effects of betaine against oxidative damage during experimentally induced restraint stress in Wistar albino rats

Ganesan

Anandan

Lakshmanan

2011

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Stress can be defined as physical and psychological modifications that disrupt the homeostasis and the balance of organisms. Stress is known as one of the most important reasons of several diseases. In the present study, the anti-stress effect of betaine was evaluated with reference to its antioxidant property. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups such as control, betaine, restraint stress (6 h/day for 30 days), and betaine+restraint stress. The oxidative damage was assessed by measuring the protein and corticosterone in plasma, lipid peroxidation, nonenzymic (reduced glutathione), and enzymic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) in the lymphoid organs of thymus and spleen. Followed by the induction of restraint stress, the non-enzymic and enzymic antioxidants were significantly decreased with concomitant increase observed in the levels of corticosterone and lipid peroxidation. Oral pretreatment with betaine (250 mg/kg body weight daily for a period of 30 days) significantly (P<0.001) prevented the restraint stress-induced alterations in the levels of protein and corticosterone in plasma of experimental groups of rats. It counteracted the restraint stress-induced lipid peroxidation and maintained the antioxidant defense system in the lymphoid tissues at near normal. The findings suggest that betaine possesses significant anti-stress activity, which may be due to its antioxidant property.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Studies on the protective effects of betaine against oxidative damage during experimentally induced restraint stress in Wistar albino rats

Ganesan

Anandan

Lakshmanan

2011

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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“…Since the release of lysosomal enzymes plays an important role in the progression of myocardial injury, maintaining the stability of the lysosomal membrane and hence preventing the release of its contents is a vital concept involved in the mechanism of cardioprotection. Methyl donors such as betaine, methionine, or folic acid prevented arseniteinduced cytotoxicity and reduced the oxidative stress and lysosomal damage without altering the functional integrity of the mitochondrial membrane and adenosine triphosphate depletion (Pourahmad et al 2005). Natural antioxidant-rich diet such as table beet (Beta vulgaris var.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of betaine on changes in the levels of lysosomal enzyme activities in heart tissue in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats

Ganesan

Anandan

2009

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Myocardial infarction is one of the most common manifestations of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of betaine, a potent lipotropic molecule, on changes in the levels of lysosomal enzymes and lipid peroxidation in isoprenalineinduced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats, an animal model of myocardial infarction in man. Male albino Wistar rats were pretreated with betaine (250 mg/kg body weight) daily for a period of 30 days. After the treatment period, isoprenaline (11 mg/100 g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to rats at intervals of 24 h for 2 days. The activities of lysosomal enzymes (β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase) were significantly (p<0.05) increased in plasma with a concomitant decline in the activities of these enzymes in heart tissue of isoprenaline-administered rats. Also, the level of lipid peroxidation was higher in heart lysosomes of isoprenaline-injected rats. Pretreatment with betaine daily for a period of 30 days to isoprenaline-induced rats prevented the changes in the activities of these lysosomal enzymes. Oral treatment with betaine (250 mg/kg body weight) to normal control rats did not show any significant effect in all the biochemical parameters studied. Thus, the results of our study show that betaine protects the lysosomal membrane against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction. The observed effects might be due to the free radical-scavenging and membrane-stabilizing properties of betaine.

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“…The choice and composition of the culture medium is vital for the culture and exposure of cells (Bopp et al 2008;Pourahmad and O'Brien 2000;Radice et al 2004). Some cell culture medium components have been shown to have the potential to generate ROS (Halliwell 2003) or interact with xenobiotics (Weglarz and Bartosz 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper (Cu) has previously been used as a model chemical to induce intracellular ROS in hepatocytes (Farmen et al 2010;Nawaz et al 2005;Pourahmad and O'Brien 2000). Metals like Cu form ROS by the redox cycling Haber-Weiss reaction in which cuprous ions (Cu ? )…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytotoxicity in Rainbow Trout Hepatocytes: Effects of Medium and Incubation Time

Yazdani

Paulsen

Gjøen

et al. 2014

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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This study evaluated the effects of exposure medium and culture age on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) development and cytotoxicity in fish hepatocytes following exposure to copper (Cu). ROS was quantified using the fluorescent probes DHR 123 and CM-H2DCFDA following exposure to Cu in Leibovitz' medium (L-15) or Tris-buffered saline (TBS). Similarly, culture age effects were investigated using 1-, 2- and 4-day-old cultured hepatocytes by exposing them to Cu in TBS. The exposure in L-15 resulted in significantly higher ROS compared to TBS using CM-H2DCFDA, but not DHR 123. The age of the primary cultures significantly affected the development of ROS for both probes. None of the exposures caused cytotoxicity in the hepatocytes. The results showed that both factors may affect responses to stressors, and suggested that the use of a simple medium such as TBS may be preferable for some applications. It is also preferable to use 1-day-old primary hepatocyte cultures.

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A comparison of hepatocyte cytotoxic mechanisms for chromate and arsenite

Cited by 65 publications

References 58 publications

Studies on the protective effects of betaine against oxidative damage during experimentally induced restraint stress in Wistar albino rats

Studies on the protective effects of betaine against oxidative damage during experimentally induced restraint stress in Wistar albino rats

Protective effect of betaine on changes in the levels of lysosomal enzyme activities in heart tissue in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats

Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytotoxicity in Rainbow Trout Hepatocytes: Effects of Medium and Incubation Time

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