A comparison of intelligence test score patterns between visually impaired subgroups and the sighted.

Kolk, Charles J. Vander

doi:10.1037//0090-5550.27.2.115

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Most studies indicated that the verbal intelligence performance of visually impaired individuals was comparable to their sighted counterparts on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) (Vander Kolk 1977 , 1982 ). To evaluate intelligence of the blind participants, the WAIS-RC) (Gong 1982 ; Wechsler 1955 ) was administered to each participant by an examiner.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Experience Modulate Auditory Spatial Processing in Individuals with Blindness?

et al. 2013

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Comparing early- and late-onset blindness in individuals offers a unique model for studying the influence of visual experience on neural processing. This study investigated how prior visual experience would modulate auditory spatial processing among blind individuals. BOLD responses of early- and late-onset blind participants were captured while performing a sound localization task. The task required participants to listen to novel “Bat-ears” sounds, analyze the spatial information embedded in the sounds, and specify out of 15 locations where the sound would have been emitted. In addition to sound localization, participants were assessed on visuospatial working memory and general intellectual abilities. The results revealed common increases in BOLD responses in the middle occipital gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, and precentral gyrus during sound localization for both groups. Between-group dissociations, however, were found in the right middle occipital gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus. The BOLD responses in the left superior frontal gyrus were significantly correlated with accuracy on sound localization and visuospatial working memory abilities among the late-onset blind participants. In contrast, the accuracy on sound localization only correlated with BOLD responses in the right middle occipital gyrus among the early-onset counterpart. The findings support the notion that early-onset blind individuals rely more on the occipital areas as a result of cross-modal plasticity for auditory spatial processing, while late-onset blind individuals rely more on the prefrontal areas which subserve visuospatial working memory.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Experience Modulate Auditory Spatial Processing in Individuals with Blindness?

et al. 2013

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“…There are some differences between the results of this study and those of earlier studies. Previous studies have shown that people with visual impairments perform similarly to sighted individuals on the Wechsler Verbal Scales (MacCluskie et al, 1998;Vander Kolk, 1977, 1982. The poor performance of students with blindness in VCI may be due to the visual experience involved in conceptual comprehension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Psychometric Properties of WISC-IV Verbal Scales: A Study of Students in China Who Are Blind

Chen

Bu³

et al. 2021

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness

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Introduction: Numerous studies have investigated the use of Wechsler tests on individuals with visual impairments. However, few studies have examined the utilization of the fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) for such individuals. This study investigated the reliability and validity of the WISC-IV Verbal Scales’ (i.e., the Verbal Comprehension Index [VCI] and the Working Memory Index [WMI]) scores for children with blindness in China. Methods: One hundred children with blindness were assessed using the Chinese version of the WISC-IV Verbal and Nonverbal Cognitive Development Scales. Results: The results of this study generally support the internal consistency reliability and validity of WISC-IV Verbal Scale scores for Chinese children who are blind. The split-half reliability coefficients ranged from .79 to .97, while Cronbach’s alpha or KR-20 (KR-20 is a measure of internal consistency reliability for measures with dichotomous choices) reliability coefficients ranged from .83 to .97. In terms of construct validity through exploratory factor analysis, the subtests of the WISC-IV Verbal Scale were confirmed to belong to VCI or the WMI as intended by the original structure of the WISC-IV. The convergent validity showed that the VCI and WMI scores were moderately and positively correlated with the Nonverbal Cognitive Development Scale. Discussion: The WISC-IV VCI and WMI were found to be valuable instruments for assessing the cognitive abilities of students in China with blindness. Finally, the limitations and significance of the study were also discussed. Implications for practitioners: The WISC-IV Verbal Scales may be used to assess the cognitive abilities of the numerous students in China who are blind and may be used as one of many tests to provide reference information for educational placement, educational planning, employment, and project evaluation.

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“…Despite the lack of one of the crucial senses -sight -blind people not only lead a normal life but even climb mountain peaks. 2 Although in intelligence tests they obtain scores similar to sighted individuals [Vander Kolk, 1982], their cognitive development differs. Getting to know the surrounding world, blind children use their 'imaginations' [Kucharczyk, 2015], i.e.…”

Section: Current Psychometric Intelligence Tests For Blind Individualsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…: Th e Perkins-Binet Tests of Intelligence for the Blind [Atkins, 2011], Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, 2 nd Edition (ABAS-II) [Rust & Wallace, 2004], Ohwaki-Kohs Block Design Test [Brand, Pieterse & Frost, 1986], 3-D Haptic Matrix Test of Nonverbal Reasoning [Miller et al, 2007] etc. Studies comparing blind and sighted individuals show non-intergroup diff erences [Vander Kolk, 1982]. Does not diagnose nonverbal reasoning [Cassar & Lucchese, 2016].…”

Section: Wechsler Adultmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are IQ tests enough to measure intelligence in the blind? Brief review of available and potential methods to estimate intelligence in the blind

Rączy¹,

Korczyk²

2018

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Measuring intelligence in the blind population is a very challenging task. Th e Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, one of the most popular IQ tests, is not suitable due to its reliance on visual stimuli. However, one can observe that neuroscientists have started to look for neural correlates of intelligence, for example by measuring the accuracy of performance in a popular n-back task while subjects undergo fMRI scans. It has been shown that the so-called general intelligence strongly correlates with the memory system in sighted people. Since working memory can also be tested independently of a given sensory input, it can prove to be an excellent tool to measure the working memory capacity, which can serve as a neural correlate of intelligence in the blind.

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A comparison of intelligence test score patterns between visually impaired subgroups and the sighted.

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

How Does Experience Modulate Auditory Spatial Processing in Individuals with Blindness?

How Does Experience Modulate Auditory Spatial Processing in Individuals with Blindness?

Psychometric Properties of WISC-IV Verbal Scales: A Study of Students in China Who Are Blind

Are IQ tests enough to measure intelligence in the blind? Brief review of available and potential methods to estimate intelligence in the blind

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