“…Similarly, to balance the nodes' energy consumption and avoid the situation where there are some higher energy level nodes still in a dead network, the selection of a lower energy level node should have a higher cost than selecting a higher energy level node. Thus, we define the cost matrices for the simulation as follows: C1 = [5.5, 7.5, 11, 25, 31, 37, 43, 52, 63], C2 = [6,8,11,23,30,35,42,50,62], C3 = [6.5, 8.5, 12, 21, 28, 33, 40, 48, 60], C4 = [8,10,13,18,25,30,37,45,55], C5 = [8.5, 11, 15, 19, 27, 32, 38, 47, 58], C6 = [9,10,15,20,28,32,38,48,59], C7 = [9,12,16,15,20,28,33,40,50], C8 = [10,13,18,16,21,28,34,42,51], and C9 = [11,…”