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Recently various real-time communication protocols have been proposed. In this paper, first, we propose a timed I/O automaton model so that we can simply specify such real-time protocols. The proposed model can handle not only time but also data values. Then, we propose a conformance testing method for the model. In order to trace a test sequence (I/O sequence) on the timed I/O automaton model, we need to execute each I/O action in the test sequence at an adequate execution timing which satisfies all timing constraints in the test sequence. However, since outputs are given from IUTs and uncontrollable, we cannot designate their output timing in advance. Also their output timing affects the executable timing for the succeeding I/O actions in the test sequence. Therefore, in general, the executable timing of each input action in a test sequence can be specified by a function of the execution time of the preceding I/O actions. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to decide efficiently whether a given test sequence is executable. We also give an algorithm to derive such a function from an executable test sequence automatically using a technique for solving linear programming problems, and propose a conformance testing method using those algorithms.

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This paper presents a new algorithm, Hit-or-Jump, for embedded testing of components of communication systems that can be modeled by communicating extended finite state machines. It constructs test sequences efficiently with a high fault coverage. It does not have state space explosion, as is often encountered in exhaustive search, and it quickly covers the system components under test without being "trapped", as is experienced by random walks. Furthermore, it is a generalization and unification of both exhaustive search and random walks; both are special cases of Hit-or-Jump. The algorithm has been implemented and applied to embedded testing of telephone services in an Intelligent Network (IN) architecture, including the Basic Call Service and five supplementary services.