A Comparison of Microscopy and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Giardia lamblia in Human Faecal Specimens

Jahan, Noor; Khatoon, Razia; Ahmad, Sharique

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/9484.5087

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…11 Previous studies showed that sensitivity of ELISA varied between 95 and 100% and specificity over 90% using microscopy as gold standard, which is in accordance with the result of the current study. 10,11,14 In the present study, ELISA detected Giardia in 12 additional samples that were negative on microscopy. Low sensitivity of microscopy might be due to intermittent excretion of Giardia cyst or trophozoites in stool.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Frequency, diagnostic performance of coproantigen detection and genotyping of the Giardia among patients referred to a multi-level teaching hospital in northern India

Ghoshal

Shukla

Pant

et al. 2016

Pathogens and Global Health

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Giardiasis, a common gastrointestinal parasitic infection in tropics, is diagnosed on stool microscopy (gold standard); however, its sensitivity is low due to intermittent fecal shedding. Coproantigen detection (ELISA) is useful but requires further evaluation. We aimed to study: (a) detection of Giardia by stool microscopy and/or coproantigen, (b) diagnostic performance of fecal antigen detection and microscopy, and c) genotypic characterization of G. lamblia using PCR specific for triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. Stool samples from 2992 patients were examined by microscopy from March 2013 to March 2015 in a multi level teaching hospital in northern India. Giardia coproantigen detection was performed by ELISA in a subset of patients. Genetic characterization of G. lamblia was performed by PCR targeting tpi gene in a subset of microscopy positive stool samples. Of 2992 patients, 132 (4.4%) had Giardia by microscopy (cyst/trophozoite) and/or ELISA. ELISA was performed in 264 patients; of them, 127 were positive by microscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of ELISA were 91, 91, 94, and 91%, respectively, using microscopy as a gold standard. PCR was performed in 116 randomly selected samples having Giardia using tpi gene. Assemblages A and B were found among 44 (38%) and 72 (62%) patients, respectively. Assemblage B was more often associated with malnutrition and loss of appetite than A (48/72 [67%] vs. 21/44 [48%], P = 0.044 and 17/72 [24%] vs. 14/44 [32%], P = 0.019). We conclude that 4.4% of studied population had giardiasis. Fecal antigen is a useful method for diagnosis and assemblage B is the most common genotype.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Frequency, diagnostic performance of coproantigen detection and genotyping of the Giardia among patients referred to a multi-level teaching hospital in northern India

Ghoshal

Shukla

Pant

et al. 2016

Pathogens and Global Health

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“…These raised the ceiling of Giardia diagnosis to show positive fecal samples even if live parasite is absent 39 . In the same line Jahan et al 40 , compared direct wet mount microscopic diagnosis which revealed only 260 positive cases of giardiasis in relation to 380 cases which were diagnosed positive for G. lamblia infection by ELISA test out of 1680 cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Combined Mini-Parasep SF and Nanogold Immunoassay Show Potential in Stool Antigen Immunodetection for Giardiasis Diagnosis

Mohram

Elawamy

Nageeb

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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covalent loading or directional binding of biomolecules on gold nanoparticles (Aunps) could lead to better results than simple direct adsorption for an enhanced eLiSA application. the use of Mini-parasep solvent-free (SF) without ether or ethyl acetate for the clean and efficient concentration of protozoa cysts, it is a single-use device for in vitro diagnostic use only. in this work, we used Mini-parasep Sf for the detection of giardia cysts in comparison to direct smear and Merthiolate-iodine formaldehyde concentration (Mifc) technique in addition to its use in antigen detection by Aunps biomolecule loading using rabbit polyclonal antibodies (pAb) against purified Giardia antigen (pGA). As a result, Mini-Parasep SF was the most effective method for Giardia cyst detection and regarding optimization of Mini-Parasep antigen detection, our data showed increased sensitivity and specificity of nano-sandwich ELISA to 92% and 94% respectively and increased positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) to 88.64% and 95.91% respectively. In conclusion, this research provides that Mini-parasep Sf concentrator enhanced Giardia cyst detection and improved antigen preparation for Aunps sandwich eLiSA in giardiasis diagnosis. the advantages of this method are the short assay time and the raised accuracy of antigen detection providing concentrated samples without the risk of solvent use and being a disposable Mini-parasep it helps in giardia antigen purification as well as raising the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA through binding AuNPs.

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“…From a practical standpoint, it is important for the clinician to recognize that Giardia cysts can be excreted intermittently, thus, multiple stool collections (i.e., three stool specimens collected on separate days) can and do increase test sensitivity. Use of concentration methods and trichrome staining might not be sufficient to identify Giardia because variability in the concentration of organisms in stool can make this infection difficult to diagnose [37,51-54, [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][75][76][77][78].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antigens shared by trophozoites and cysts excreted in stool specimens include the 65-kd antigen used in commercial diagnostic assays. Only molecular testing (e.g., PCR) can be used to subtype Giardia [47, [74][75][76][77].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis - Recent Literature with a Focus on Nitazoxanide

Blanchard¹,

Gold²

2015

Pediat Therapeut

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Nitazoxanide is a Food and Drug Administration approved Thiazolide to treat parasitic infections such as giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Since nitazoxanide is available as a liquid suspension, this medication is uniquely suited for the treatment of children. However, there has been a paucity of published studies since its approval. We completed a systematic literature search using a variety of sources including PubMed to identify studies reporting the impact of nitazoxanide in treating parasitic infections in children ages 1 to 11 years. A similar search was conducted on other available treatment for parasitic infection. In total, 28 publications were found to meet the criteria above for nitazoxanide. A similar number of papers were identified to address other therapy commonly used regardless of product information on approved use. Despite the ease of administration and superiority of nitazoxanide to other Non FDA approved therapies for the treatment of Giardia or Cryptosporidium among children, this medication continues to be underutilized. These data indicated the need for additional clinical studies to raise awareness.

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A Comparison of Microscopy and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Giardia lamblia in Human Faecal Specimens

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Frequency, diagnostic performance of coproantigen detection and genotyping of the Giardia among patients referred to a multi-level teaching hospital in northern India

Frequency, diagnostic performance of coproantigen detection and genotyping of the Giardia among patients referred to a multi-level teaching hospital in northern India

Combined Mini-Parasep SF and Nanogold Immunoassay Show Potential in Stool Antigen Immunodetection for Giardiasis Diagnosis

Giardiasis and Cryptosporidiosis - Recent Literature with a Focus on Nitazoxanide

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