A Comparison of Monoscopic and Stereoscopic 3D Visualizations: Effect on Spatial Planning in Digital Twins

Abstract

From the user perspective, 3D geospatial data visualizations are one of the bridges between the physical and the digital world. As such, the potential of 3D geospatial data visualizations is frequently discussed within and beyond the digital twins. The effects on human cognitive processes in complex spatial tasks is rather poorly known. No uniform standards exist for the 3D technologies used in these tasks. Although stereoscopic geovisualizations presented using 3D technologies enhance depth perception, it has been suggested that the visual discomfort experienced when using 3D technology outweighs its benefits and results in lower efficiency and errors. In the present study, sixty participants using 3D technologies were tested in terms of their ability to make informed decisions in selecting the correct position of a virtual transmitter in a digital twin and a digital terrain model, respectively. Participants (n = 60) were randomly assigned into two groups, one using 3D technology engaging stereoscopic shutter glasses and the second working with standard computer screen-based visualizations. The results indicated that the participants who used shutter glasses performed significantly worse in terms of response time (W = 175.0; p < 0.001, r = −0.524). This finding verifies previous conclusions concerning the unsuitability of stereoscopic visualization technology for complex decision-making in geospatial tasks.

User Evaluation of Interactive Thematic 3d City Models – Application of Asynchronous Remote Testing Method

“…The user aspects of interactive 3D geovisualization is an issue that has only slowly been attracting attention and relatively little is known about it. Where user testing dedicated to the evaluation of interactive 3D geovisualizations was performed, it usually took place in laboratory conditions (e.g., Mckenzie and Klippel, 2016;Herman et al, 2021) where the intervening (extraneous or nuisance) variables as well as performances of the participants can be better controlled. However, the situation concerning the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 does not favour the implementation of laboratory user experiments and, for this reason, the possibilities of testing outside a controlled environment were analysed.…”

“…Similar to the study byHerman et al (2021), we applied two methods to analyse user strategies when working with interactive 3D city models:•Interactive activity data obtained directly from user logs, especially: o Sum of mouse clicks: the total number of mouse clicks during task solution. o Length of virtual trajectory: overall length of the movement trajectory travelled during task solution (metres).…”

Holistic Approach to Collaborative Immersive Virtual Environments in Education: eDIVE Design Case Study

“…The presented lessons deal both with topics from the fields of humanities and science. It is crucial to set out the complexity of such a process: The basis lies upon original basic research both using stereoscopic visualisation on flatscreens (Herman et al, 2021;Juřík et al, 2020;Kubíček et al, 2019) and head-mounted displays (Dolezal et al, 2017;Šašinka et al, 2018;Sedlák et al, 2022). It is, however, not solely our own experience that scientific reports of IVR-based education often consist of anecdotal cases, reduced by topics they cover (e.g., medical procedures training in Pottle, 2019).…”

The Embodiment and Innovation of Digital Twin Platform in Modern Interior Environment Design

“…Literature [11] proposed a digital twin approach that reconstructs the learning domain, encourages an educational revolution and new learning communities, and utilizes digital twin technology to provide a new path of technology integration and development for research on the construction of smart university facilities, thus improving the learning efficiency of students. Literature [12] builds the technology of physical and digital worlds by exploring the ability of 60 participants using 3D technology in selecting the correct location of a virtual transmitter of digital twin and digital terrain model for the visualization of the inappropriateness of complex decisions in geospatial tasks. Literature [13] proposes that digital twin technology transforms important service assets and uses remote inspection techniques to improve the safety of inspections, reduce costs, and find high assets that are geo-tagged and labeled that can be used for timely interventions and renewal decisions.…”