A comparison of primary and passaged chondrocytes for use in engineering the temporomandibular joint

Abstract

Objective-This study examines the tissue engineering potential of passaged (P3) and primary (P0) articular chondrocytes (ACs) and costal chondrocytes (CCs) from skeletally-mature goats for use in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).Design-These four cell types were assembled into scaffoldless tissue engineered constructs and cultured for 4 wks. The constructs were then tested for cell, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content with biochemical assays, and collagen types I and II with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Constructs were also tested under tension and compression to determine biomechanical properties.Results-Both primary and passaged CC constructs had greater GAG/wet weight than AC constructs. Primary AC constructs had significantly less total collagen and contained no collagen type I. AC P3 constructs had the largest collagen I/collagen II ratio, which was also greater in passaged CC constructs relative to primary groups. Primary AC constructs were not mechanically testable, while passaged AC and CC constructs had significantly greater tensile properties than primary CC constructs. Conclusions-PrimaryCCs are considerably better than primary ACs and have potential use in tissue engineering when larger quantities of collagen type II are desired. The poor performance of the ACs, in this study, which contradicts the results seen with previous studies using immature bovine ACs, may thus be attributed to the animals' maturity. However, CC P3 cells appear particularly wellsuited for tissue engineering fibrocartilage of the TMJ due to the high quantity of collagen and GAG, and tensile and compressive mechanical properties.

The Effect of Magnesium Ion Concentration on the Fibrocartilage Regeneration Potential of Goat Costal Chondrocytes

“…In tissue engineering approaches for fibrocartilage, goat costal chondrocytes cultured using a scaffoldless approach have proven to be a viable cell source because of their production of high quantities of collagen and GAG. 2,3 In the present study, scaffoldless costal chondrocyte constructs are used as a tissue engineering model to determine the effect of additional magnesium on fibrocartilage extracellular matrix production. Testing is performed at 4 weeks because scaffoldless constructs are mature enough at this point to be tested mechanically.…”

A Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of the Goat Temporomandibular Joint Disc to the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage in Unconfined Compression

“…In tissue-engineering approaches for fibrocartilage, goat costal chondrocytes have proven to be a viable cell source 2 Journal of Dental Biomechanics for scaffoldless tissue-engineering constructs, due to their production of high quantities of collagen and GAG [13,14]. These studies show the potential for the goat as a tissue engineering model.…”

Temporomandi̇bular Eklem Tami̇r Ve Rejenerasyonunda Doku Mühendi̇sli̇ği̇ Uygulamalari

“…Ekstrasellüler matriks yapı iskeleleri doğal matriksten elde edilen materyallerdir, bu yüzden bunlar doğal ortam sağlayabilirler. TME disk doku mühendisliğinde kollogen 14 , fibrin 23 , alginate 19 ve kitozan gibi özel bileşenler kullanılır. Doku kaynaklı yapı iskelesi materyalleri doğal bir materyal olarak, son zamanlarda TME diski mühendisliğindeki uygulanabilirliliği araştı-rılmaktadır.…”

“…Kullanılan TME disk hücreleri sağlıklı hücrelerin son derece sınırlı sayısı, bunların kültüre edilmesi ve saklanması, ve yeterli in-vitro matriks üretim yetersizliği gibi dezavantajlara sahiptir. 23 Bazı araştırmacılar disk hücrelerinin ekimini takiben hücre sayısının fazlasıyla azaldığı, yeterli morfolojiyi elde etmek için yapının büzüldüğü ve başarısız olduğu 24 ve TME disk hücrelerinin kültür edilmesi işlemi boyunca bunların fenotiplerinin değiş-mesine eğilimli olduğunun gözlemlenmesi nedeniyle TME disk hücrelerinin doku mühendisliğinde kullanıl-masının uygun bir seçim olmadığını belirtmişlerdir. tamirinde TME kaynaklı sinovial mezenkimal kök hücrenin kullanımını göstermişlerdir.…”