A Comparison of Single-Session Positive Reappraisal, Cognitive Restructuring and Supportive Counselling for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

This study compared a single-session intervention of positive reappraisal to cognitive restructuring and supportive counselling to examine whether a brief positive reappraisal intervention could significantly increase positive reappraisal coping and positive emotion and lead to reductions in anxiety and depression. Inclusion criteria were: aged 60 years or older, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, cognitively intact, and English language proficiency. 81 participants were randomly allocated to a condition and self-report measures of positive reappraisal, emotion, anxiety and depression were compared pre-intervention and at 1-week follow-up. The positive reappraisal intervention led to significantly increased positive reappraisal coping compared to the other two conditions, and significantly higher positive but not negative emotion compared to the control condition. No group differences in anxiety and depression were found. The results indicate that the single-session intervention may be effective for increasing older adults' positive reappraisal coping and specifically their positive emotion when compared to supportive counselling.

Influences on Psychological Well‐Being and Ill‐Being in Older Women

“…Recent researchers have suggested that personality traits such as neuroticism and optimism are mutable and change can be achieved through psychosocial interventions such as Cognitive‐Behaviour Therapy (CBT; e.g., Glinski & Page, ; Seligman, ). Similarly, CBT has also been found to help modify cognitive appraisals (e.g., Chalk, ; Nowlan, Wuthrich, Rapee, Kinsella, & Barker, ). Based on the model, CBT should target modification of threat appraisal and strategies to increase challenge and social support appraisals to foster well‐being and reduce ill‐being.…”

Effects of Community-Based Psychological Interventions on Depressive Symptoms and Blood Glucose Control for Older Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis

“…Of the five RCTs, four (80%) adequately described their randomization sequence (Bond et al, 2010 -Reid et al, 2018), blinding of study per-sonnel was not described; all were rated as either high or unclear. For the attrition bias assessment, only two studies (40%) were free from frequent missing data (Nowlan et al, 2015;Weiss et al, 2015). In the three remaining studies (Bond et al, 2010;Taveira et al, 2011;Markle-Reid et al, 2015, 2018, no information was provided concerning the attrition rate or reasons for missing data.…”

“…RCTs(Bond et al, 2010;Taveira et al, 2011;Nowlan et al, 2015;Weiss et al, 2015;Markle- Reid et al, 2018) were included in a qualitative literature synthesis and a description of changes in depressive symptoms and blood glucose controls.…”

“…The publication years ranged between 2007 and 2018, and three(Nowlan et al, 2015;Weiss et al, 2015;Markle-Reid et al, 2018) of the five studies were published within the last five years. The studies were conducted in three countries: The United States (n=3), Canada (n=1), and Australia(n=2).…”

“…Forest plots of the effect of psychological interventions on depressive symptoms and blood glucose control.al.,Taveira et al, 2011;Nowlan et al, 2015;Weiss et al, 2015;Markle-Reid et al, 2018).…”