A Comparison of Snow Quality in Two Swedish Municipalities – Luleå and Sundsvall

Reinosdotter, Karin; Viklander, Maria

doi:10.1007/s11270-005-8635-3

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…due to changes in the soil chemistry in biofilters, organic matter mobilisation or changes in the cation exchange capacity (Amrhein et al 1993). These phenomena could affect the metal removal negatively since salt can cause a higher percentage of dissolved metals in the stormwater or snowmelt (Reinosdotter and Viklander 2005) and may contribute to the release of already accumulated metals, adsorbed to the filter media or bound to trapped stormwater sediment, from biofilters. Furthermore, in the filter, high chloride loads might cause negative effects on microorganism (Marsalek 2003), thus possibly influencing the metal removal indirectly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Study of Stormwater Biofiltration in Low Temperatures: Total and Dissolved Metal Removals and Fates

Blecken

Maršálek

Viklander

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Stormwater biofilters, which are recommended for application in both Water-Sensitive Urban Design and Low Impact Development, can remove up to 80% or 90% of total metals found in stormwater. However, their winter operation is a common concern. That was addressed in this study by investigating the metal removal effectiveness of replicate laboratory biofilter mesocosms at 2°C, 8°C and 20°C. As recommended for cold climate bioretention, coarse filter media were implemented and in the top 100 mm layer topsoil was added to increase the sorption capacity. Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations measured in the biofilter effluent were far below those in the influent and this significantly improved the treated stormwater quality. Contrary to a common notion that coarse media in the main filter body impair dissolved metal sorption, satisfactory removals of dissolved metals were found in this study with most metal burdens retained in the top layer of the filter in which the sorption capacity was enhanced by topsoil. Some metal uptake by the plants was also detected. Temperature did not affect Cd, Pb and Zn removals in general, but Cu removals increased with decreasing temperatures. This was explained by increased biological activities in the filters at warmer temperatures, which may have led to an increased release of Cu with dissolved organic matter originating from root turnover and decomposition of organic litter and debris. Furthermore, plant uptake and biofilm adsorption may also be influenced by temperature. However, even in the worst case (i.e. at 20°C), Cu was removed effectively from the stormwater. Further research needs were identified including the effects of road salts on stormwater biofiltration during the winter period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Study of Stormwater Biofiltration in Low Temperatures: Total and Dissolved Metal Removals and Fates

Blecken

Maršálek

Viklander

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…It has been recognised that the use of studded tyres is the main contributor to the wear of the asphalt surface (Jacobson, 1994;Jacobson & Hornwall, 1999). Traffic, its related activities and road management have been found to be a major contributor of pollutants in snow (Glenn & Sansalone, 2002;Reinosdotter & Viklander, 2005). The results of the previously mentioned study indicate a relationship between the dissolved fraction of metals and the concentration of suspended solids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Seasonal Variations of Ten Metals in Highway Runoff and their Partition between Dissolved and Particulate Matter

Hallberg

Renman

Lundbom

2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Knowledge of differentiation of pollutants in urban runoff between dissolved and particulate matter is of great concern for a successful design of a water treatment process. Seasonal variations in pollutant load are of equal importance. Ten metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), as dissolved and particulate bound, was studied in the runoff from a major urban highway during a winter season and its following summer. Studded tyres and winter salting were expected to have an impact on the runoff water quality. The dissolved part of Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn and Ni was significantly higher in winter in comparison with summer (p<0.01). For Fe, however, the dissolved part was lower during winter. No significant difference was found for Cu, Pb and Zn between the two seasons. The mass concentration (mg kg −1 ) for all metals was significantly higher over the summer except for Al and Co, which showed a higher mass concentration during the winter. The concentration of selected metals vs. total suspended solids (TSS) showed a linear relationship (r 2 >0.95) during winter runoff events except for Cd. A good correlation (r 2 > 0.90) was also found for the summer period for Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. It is suggested that the metal pollutant load during winter could be assessed indirectly by measurement of TSS.

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“…Snowmelt is a main driver for increased levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, salinity, and metals (e.g., cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc) in river and lake water in the spring compared with the rest of the year (Pham et al 1993;Westerlund and Viklander 2006;Muthanna et al 2007;Novotny et al 2008). By proper handling and management of snow, snowmelt runoff pathways can be controlled and pollution of surface water bodies prevented (Reinosdotter and Viklander 2005). Current toxicology assessments of snowmelt runoff in Saskatoon and other prairie cities would benefit from accurate urban snow accumulation data such as that collected in this study (M. Hecker, personal communication, 2015).…”

Section: Stakeholders-saliencementioning

confidence: 99%

DIY meteorology: Use of citizen science to monitor snow dynamics in a data-sparse city

Appels

Bradford

Chun

et al. 2017

FACETS

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Cities are under pressure to operate their services effectively and project costs of operations across various timeframes. In high-latitude and high-altitude urban centers, snow management is one of the larger unknowns and has both operational and budgetary limitations. Snowfall and snow depth observations within urban environments are important to plan snow clearing and prepare for the effects of spring runoff on cities' drainage systems. In-house research functions are expensive, but one way to overcome that expense and still produce effective data is through citizen science. In this paper, we examine the potential to use citizen science for snowfall data collection in urban environments. A group of volunteers measured daily snowfall and snow depth at an urban site in Saskatoon (Canada) during two winters. Reliability was assessed with a statistical consistency analysis and a comparison with other data sets collected around Saskatoon. We found that citizen-sciencederived data were more reliable and relevant for many urban management stakeholders. Feedback from the participants demonstrated reflexivity about social learning and a renewed sense of community built around generating reliable and useful data. We conclude that citizen science holds great potential to improve data provision for effective and sustainable city planning and greater social learning benefits overall.

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A Comparison of Snow Quality in Two Swedish Municipalities – Luleå and Sundsvall

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Laboratory Study of Stormwater Biofiltration in Low Temperatures: Total and Dissolved Metal Removals and Fates

Laboratory Study of Stormwater Biofiltration in Low Temperatures: Total and Dissolved Metal Removals and Fates

Seasonal Variations of Ten Metals in Highway Runoff and their Partition between Dissolved and Particulate Matter

DIY meteorology: Use of citizen science to monitor snow dynamics in a data-sparse city

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